Backup power system is an independent source of electrical power that can supply power automatically when the main grid power fails by utilizing resources available at the source. The backup power system is connected to grid power and has electrical components that allow it to sense an outage and turn on automatically. Backup power systems find their use in hotels, hospitals, industries, telecom, mining, oil and gas, offices, educational institutions, utilities, etc.
The backup power systems market for oil and gas industry consists of many vendors who offer an extensive range of products. The oil and gas industry needs a constant and reliable supply of power. Backup power systems for the oil and gas industry are designed to offer continuous supply of power in the event of a power outage. With the increase in refinery greenfield and brownfield projects, the solar powered generators market will offer significant growth opportunities to the green energy companies operating in this market.
The global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas market is valued at xx million US$ in 2018 is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect. Regionally, this report focuses on several key regions: North America, Europe, China and Japan.
At company level, this report focuses on the production capacity, ex-factory price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer covered in this report.
The following manufacturers are covered:
Aggreko
Caterpillar
Cummins
Saft
Trojan Battery
...
Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Segment by Type
Batteries
Generators
Segment by Application
Residential
Non-Residential
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas
1.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Batteries
1.2.3 Generators
1.3 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Segment by Application
1.3.1 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Comparison by Application (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Residential
1.3.3 Non-Residential
1.4 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market by Region
1.4.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Size Region
1.4.2 North America Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 China Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 Japan Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.5 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Size
1.5.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (2014-2025)
1.5.2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (2014-2025)
2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
2.2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
2.3 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Average Price by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
2.4 Manufacturers Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.5 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Concentration Rate
2.5.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Regions
3.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Regions
3.2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
3.3 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.4 North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production
3.4.1 North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.4.2 North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.5 Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production
3.5.1 Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.5.2 Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.6 China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (2014-2019)
3.6.1 China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.6.2 China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.7 Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (2014-2019)
3.7.1 Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.7.2 Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
4 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption by Regions
4.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption by Regions
4.2 North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (2014-2019)
4.3 Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (2014-2019)
4.4 China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (2014-2019)
4.5 Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (2014-2019)
5 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
5.2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
5.3 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Price by Type (2014-2019)
5.4 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth by Type (2014-2019)
6 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Analysis by Applications
6.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
6.2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019)
7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Business
7.1 Aggreko
7.1.1 Aggreko Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
7.1.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.1.3 Aggreko Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.2 Caterpillar
7.2.1 Caterpillar Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
7.2.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.2.3 Caterpillar Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.3 Cummins
7.3.1 Cummins Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
7.3.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.3.3 Cummins Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.4 Saft
7.4.1 Saft Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
7.4.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.4.3 Saft Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.5 Trojan Battery
7.5.1 Trojan Battery Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
7.5.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.5.3 Trojan Battery Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas
8.4 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.1.1 Direct Marketing
9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
9.2 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Distributors List
9.3 Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Market Trends
10.2 Opportunities
10.3 Market Drivers
10.4 Challenges
10.5 Influence Factors
11 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Forecast
11.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue Forecast
11.1.1 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
11.1.2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
11.1.3 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2025)
11.2 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Forecast by Regions (2019-2025)
11.2.1 North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue Forecast (2019-2025)
11.2.2 Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue Forecast (2019-2025)
11.2.3 China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue Forecast (2019-2025)
11.2.4 Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue Forecast (2019-2025)
11.3 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Forecast by Regions (2019-2025)
11.3.1 North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Forecast (2019-2025)
11.3.2 Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Forecast (2019-2025)
11.3.3 China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Forecast (2019-2025)
11.3.4 Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Forecast (2019-2025)
11.4 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2019-2025)
11.5 Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Forecast by Application (2019-2025)
12 Research Findings and Conclusion
13 Methodology and Data Source
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Batteries Product Picture
Table Batteries Major Manufacturers
Figure Generators Product Picture
Table Generators Major Manufacturers
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Residential
Figure Non-Residential
Table Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Size (Million US$) Comparison by Regions (2014-2025)
Figure North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2025)
Figure China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Market Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Market Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2018
Table Manufacturers Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
Table Manufacturers Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Product Types
Figure Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Figure Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Market Share of Top 10 Manufacturers
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) by Region (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share by Region in 2018
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) by Region (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share by Region in 2018
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Market by Region (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Region in 2018
Figure North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Production Market Share of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Production Market Share of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas by Type in 2018
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Revenue Share of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas by Type in 2018
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Applications (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share by Application in 2018
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019)
Table Aggreko Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
Table Aggreko Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Aggreko Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Aggreko Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Aggreko Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Aggreko Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Aggreko Main Business and Markets Served
Table Caterpillar Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
Table Caterpillar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Caterpillar Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Caterpillar Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Caterpillar Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Caterpillar Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Caterpillar Main Business and Markets Served
Table Cummins Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
Table Cummins Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Cummins Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Cummins Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Cummins Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Cummins Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Cummins Main Business and Markets Served
Table Saft Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
Table Saft Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Saft Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Saft Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Saft Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Saft Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Saft Main Business and Markets Served
Table Trojan Battery Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Sites and Area Served
Table Trojan Battery Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Trojan Battery Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Trojan Battery Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Trojan Battery Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Trojan Battery Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Trojan Battery Main Business and Markets Served
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas
Figure Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Distributors List
Table Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2025)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2019-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2019-2025)
Figure North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2019-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions (2019-2025)
Figure North America Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Europe Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure China Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Figure Japan Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Forecast by Type (2019-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Production (K Units) Forecast by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Type (2019-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Price (USD/Unit) Forecast by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2019-2025)
Figure Global Backup Power Systems for Oil and Gas Consumption Forecast by Application (2019-2025)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
