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The Private LTE G Network Ecosystem Opportunities Challenges Strategies Industry Verticals Forecasts


The Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2020 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts

Report code: SDMREL1350876 | Industry: Electronics | Published On: 2020-07-29


With the standardization of features such as MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data) services and URLCC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications) by the 3GPP, LTE and 5G NR (New Radio) networks are rapidly gaining recognition as an all-inclusive critical communications platform for the delivery of both mission and business critical applications.

By providing authority over wireless coverage and capacity, private LTE and 5G networks ensure guaranteed and secure connectivity, while supporting a wide range of applications – ranging from PTT group communications and real-time video delivery to wireless control and automation in industrial environments. Organizations across the critical communications and industrial IoT (Internet of Things) domains – including public safety agencies, militaries, utilities, oil & gas companies, mining groups, railway & port operators, manufacturers and industrial giants – are making sizeable investments in private LTE networks.

The very first private 5G networks are also beginning to be deployed to serve a diverse array of usage scenarios spanning from connected factory robotics and massive-scale sensor networking to the control of AVGs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and AR/VR (Augmented & Virtual Reality). For example, Daimler's Mercedes-Benz Cars division is establishing a local 5G network to support automobile production processes at its "Factory 56" in Sindelfingen, while the KMA (Korea Military Academy) is installing a dedicated 5G network in its northern Seoul campus to facilitate mixed reality-based military training programs – with a primary focus on shooting and tactical simulations.

In addition, with the emergence of neutral-host small cells, multi-operator connectivity and unlicensed/shared spectrum access schemes, the use of private LTE and 5G networks in enterprise buildings, campuses and public venues is expected to grow significantly over the coming years. The practicality of spectrum sharing schemes such as the three-tiered CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) framework and Japan's unlicensed sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform) has already been proven with initial rollouts in locations such as corporate campuses, golf courses, race tracks, stadiums, airports and warehouses.

A number of independent neutral-host and wholesale operators are also stepping up with pioneering business models to provide LTE and 5G connectivity services to both mobile operators and enterprises, particularly in indoor settings and locations where it is technically or economically not feasible for traditional operators to deliver substantial wireless coverage and capacity.

Expected to reach $4.7 Billion in annual spending by the end of 2020, private LTE and 5G networks are increasingly becoming the preferred approach to deliver wireless connectivity for critical communications, industrial IoT, enterprise & campus environments, and public venues. The market will further grow at a CAGR of 19% between 2020 and 2023, eventually accounting for nearly $8 Billion by the end of 2023.

SNS Telecom & IT estimates that as much as 30% of these investments – approximately $2.5 Billion – will be directed towards the build-out of private 5G networks which will become preferred wireless connectivity medium to support the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution for the automation and digitization of factories, warehouses, ports and other industrial premises, in addition to serving other verticals.

The “Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2020 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the private LTE and 5G network ecosystem including market drivers, challenges, enabling technologies, vertical market opportunities, applications, key trends, standardization, spectrum availability/allocation, regulatory landscape, deployment case studies, opportunities, future roadmap, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for private LTE and 5G network infrastructure investments from 2020 till 2030. The forecasts cover three submarkets, two air interface technologies, 10 vertical markets and six regions.

The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report.

Table  of  Contents
1 Chapter  1:  Introduction
1.1 Executive  Summary
1.2 Topics  Covered
1.3 Forecast  Segmentation
1.4 Key  Questions  Answered
1.5 Key  Findings
1.6 Methodology
1.7 Target  Audience
1.8 Companies  &  Organizations  Mentioned

2 Chapter  2:  An  Overview  of  Private  LTE/5G  Networks
2.1 Private  Wireless  Networks
2.1.1 Addressing  the  Needs  of  the  Critical  Communications  Industry
2.1.2 The  Limitations  of  LMR  (Land  Mobile  Radio)  Networks
2.1.3 Growing  Use  of  Commercial  Mobile  Broadband  Technologies
2.1.4 Connectivity  Requirements  for  the  Industrial  IoT  (Internet  of  Things)
2.1.5 Localized  Mobile  Networks  for  Buildings,  Campuses  &  Public  Venues
2.2 LTE  &  5G  for  Private  Networking
2.2.1 Why  LTE  &  5G?
2.2.2 Performance  Metrics
2.2.3 Coexistence,  Interoperability  and  Spectrum  Flexibility
2.2.4 A  Thriving  Ecosystem  of  Chipsets,  Devices  &  Network  Equipment
2.2.5 Economic  Feasibility  of  Operation
2.2.6 Moving  Towards  LTE-Advanced  &  LTE-Advanced  Pro
2.2.7 Private  LTE  Support  in  LTE-Advanced  Pro
2.2.8 5G  NR  (New  Radio)  Capabilities  &  Usage  Scenarios
2.2.8.1 eMBB  (Enhanced  Mobile  Broadband)
2.2.8.2 URLCC  (Ultra-Reliable  Low-Latency  Communications)
2.2.8.3 mMTC  (Massive  Machine-Type  Communications)
2.3 Private  LTE  &  5G  Network  Operational  Models
2.3.1 Independent  Private  Network
2.3.2 Managed  Private  Network
2.3.3 Shared  Core  Private  Network
2.3.4 Hybrid  Commercial-Private  Network
2.3.5 Private  MVNO:  Commercial  Network  with  a  Private  Mobile  Core
2.3.6 Other  Approaches
2.4 Key  Applications  of  Private  LTE  &  5G  Networks
2.4.1 Secure  &  Seamless  Mobile  Broadband  Access
2.4.2 Bandwidth-Intensive  &  Latency-Sensitive  Field  Applications
2.4.3 Bulk  Multimedia  &  Data  Transfers
2.4.4 In-Building  Coverage  &  Capacity
2.4.5 Seamless  Roaming  &  Mobile  VPN  Access
2.4.6 Mission-Critical  HD  Voice  &  Group  Communications
2.4.7 Video  &  High-Resolution  Imagery
2.4.8 Massive-Scale  Video  Surveillance  &  Analytics
2.4.9 Messaging  &  Presence  Services
2.4.10 Location  Services  &  Mapping
2.4.11 Command  &  Control  Systems
2.4.12 Smart  Grid  Operations
2.4.13 Environmental  Monitoring
2.4.14 Industrial  Automation
2.4.15 Connected  Robotics
2.4.16 Machine  Vision
2.4.17 AR/VR  (Augmented  &  Virtual  Reality)
2.4.18 Telehealth  &  Remote  Surgery
2.4.19 High-Speed  Railway  Connectivity
2.4.20 PIS  (Passenger  Information  Systems)
2.4.21 Delay-Sensitive  Control  of  Railway  Infrastructure
2.4.22 In-Flight  Connectivity  for  Passengers  &  Airline  Operators
2.4.23 Maritime  Connectivity  for  Vessels  &  Offshore  Facilities
2.4.24 Telemetry,  Control  &  Remote  Diagnostics
2.4.25 Unmanned  Ground,  Marine  &  Aerial  Vehicles
2.5 Market  Drivers
2.5.1 Recognition  of  LTE  &  5G  as  the  De-Facto  Platform  for  Wireless  Connectivity
2.5.2 Spectral  Efficiency  &  Bandwidth  Flexibility
2.5.3 Regional  Interoperability  &  Cost  Efficiency
2.5.4 Endorsement  from  the  Critical  Communications  Industry
2.5.5 Emergence  of  Unlicensed  &  Shared  Spectrum  Technologies
2.5.6 Growing  Demand  for  High-Speed  &  Low-Latency  Data  Applications
2.5.7 Limited  Coverage  in  Indoor,  Industrial  &  Remote  Environments
2.5.8 Favorable  Licensing  Schemes  for  Localized  LTE  &  5G  Networks
2.5.9 Control  over  QoS  (Quality-of-Service)
2.5.10 Privacy  &  Security
2.6 Market  Barriers
2.6.1 Lack  of  Licensed  Spectrum  for  Wide-Area  Coverage
2.6.2 Funding  Challenges  for  Large-Scale  Networks
2.6.3 Technical  Complexities  of  Implementation  &  Operation
2.6.4 Smaller  Coverage  Footprint  Than  Legacy  LMR  Systems
2.6.5 Competition  from  IEEE  802.16s,  AeroMACS,  WiGRID  &  Other  Technologies
2.6.6 Delayed  Standardization

3 Chapter  3:  System  Architecture  &  Technologies  for  Private  LTE/5G  Networks
3.1 Architectural  Components  of  Private  LTE  &  5G  Networks
3.1.1 UE  (User  Equipment)
3.1.2 E-UTRAN  –  LTE  RAN  (Radio  Access  Network)
3.1.2.1 eNBs  –  LTE  Base  Stations
3.1.3 NG-RAN  –  5G  NR  (New  Radio)  Access  Network
3.1.3.1 gNBs  –  5G  NR  Base  Stations
3.1.3.2 en-gNBs  –  Secondary  Node  5G  NR  Base  Stations
3.1.3.3 ng-eNBs  –  Next  Generation  LTE  Base  Stations
3.1.4 Transport  Network
3.1.4.1 Backhaul
3.1.4.2 Fronthaul  &  Midhaul
3.1.5 EPC  (Evolved  Packet  Core)  –  The  LTE  Mobile  Core
3.1.5.1 SGW  (Serving  Gateway)
3.1.5.2 PGW  (Packet  Data  Network  Gateway)
3.1.5.3 MME  (Mobility  Management  Entity)
3.1.5.4 HSS  (Home  Subscriber  Server)
3.1.5.5 PCRF  (Policy  Charging  and  Rules  Function)
3.1.6 5GC  (5G  Core)/NGC  (Next-Generation  Core)
3.1.6.1 AMF  (Access  &  Mobility  Management  Function)
3.1.6.2 UPF  (User  Plane  Function)
3.1.6.3 SMF  (Session  Management  Function)
3.1.6.4 PCF  (Policy  Control  Function)
3.1.6.5 NEF  (Network  Exposure  Function)
3.1.6.6 NRF  (Network  Repository  Function)
3.1.6.7 UDM  (Unified  Data  Management)
3.1.6.8 UDR  (Unified  Data  Repository)
3.1.6.9 AUSF  (Authentication  Server  Function)
3.1.6.10 AF  (Application  Function)
3.1.6.11 NSSF  (Network  Slice  Selection  Function)
3.1.6.12 NWDAF  (Network  Data  Analytics  Function)
3.1.6.13 Other  Elements
3.1.7 IMS  (IP-Multimedia  Subsystem),  Application  &  Service  Elements
3.1.7.1 IMS  Core  &  VoLTE/VoNR
3.1.7.2 eMBMS/FeMBMS  –  Broadcasting/Multicasting  over  LTE/5G  Networks
3.1.7.3 ProSe  (Proximity  Services)
3.1.7.4 Group  Communication  &  Mission-Critical  Services
3.1.8 Gateways  for  LTE/5G-External  Network  Interworking
3.2 Key  Enabling  Technologies  &  Concepts
3.2.1 Critical  Communications
3.2.1.1 MCPTT  (Mission-Critical  PTT)  Voice  &  Group  Communications
3.2.1.2 Mission-Critical  Video  &  Data
3.2.1.3 ProSe  (Proximity  Services)  for  D2D  Connectivity  &  Communications
3.2.1.4 IOPS  (Isolated  E-UTRAN  Operation  for  Public  Safety)
3.2.1.5 Deployable  LTE  &  5G  Systems
3.2.1.6 UE  Enhancements
3.2.2 Industrial  IoT
3.2.2.1 eMTC,  NB-IoT  &  mMTC:  Wide  Area  &  High  Density  IoT  Applications
3.2.2.2 Techniques  for  URLLC
3.2.2.3 TSN  (Time  Sensitive  Networking)
3.2.3 QPP  (QoS,  Priority  &  Preemption)
3.2.4 High-Precision  Positioning
3.2.5 End-to-End  Security
3.2.6 Quantum  Cryptography  Technologies
3.2.7 Licensed  Spectrum  Sharing  &  Aggregation
3.2.8 Unlicensed  &  Shared  Spectrum  Usage
3.2.8.1 CBRS  (Citizens  Broadband  Radio  Service):  Three-Tiered  Sharing
3.2.8.2 LSA  (Licensed  Shared  Access):  Two-Tiered  Sharing
3.2.8.3 sXGP  (Shared  Extended  Global  Platform):  Non-Tiered  Unlicensed  Access
3.2.8.4 LTE-U/LAA  (License  Assisted  Access)  &  eLAA  (Enhanced  LAA):  Licensed  &  Unlicensed  Spectrum  Aggregation
3.2.8.5 MulteFire
3.2.8.6 5G  NR-U
3.2.9 SDR  (Software-Defined  Radio)
3.2.10 Cognitive  Radio  &  Spectrum  Sensing
3.2.11 Wireless  Connection  Bonding
3.2.12 Network  Sharing  &  Slicing
3.2.12.1 MOCN  (Multi-Operator  Core  Network)
3.2.12.2 DECOR  (Dedicated  Core)
3.2.12.3 Network  Slicing
3.2.13 Software-Centric  Networking
3.2.13.1 NFV  (Network  Functions  Virtualization)
3.2.13.2 SDN  (Software  Defined  Networking)
3.2.14 Small  Cells
3.2.15 C-RAN  (Centralized  RAN)
3.2.16 SON  (Self-Organizing  Networks)
3.2.17 MEC  (Multi-Access  Edge  Computing)
3.2.18 Artificial  Intelligence  &  Machine  Learning
3.2.19 Big  Data  &  Advanced  Analytics

4 Chapter  4:  Vertical  Markets,  Case  Studies  &  Private  LTE/5G  Engagements
4.1 Vertical  Markets
4.1.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
4.1.1.1 Public  Safety
4.1.1.2 Military
4.1.1.3 Energy
4.1.1.4 Utilities
4.1.1.5 Mining
4.1.1.6 Transportation
4.1.1.7 Factories  &  Warehouses
4.1.1.8 Others
4.1.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
4.1.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
4.2 Private  LTE  &  5G  Network  Case  Studies
4.2.1 Agnico  Eagle
4.2.2 Air  France
4.2.3 ASTRID's  BLM  (Blue  Light  Mobile)  Service
4.2.4 BBB  (BB  Backbone  Corporation)
4.2.5 Beach  Energy
4.2.6 Busan  Transportation  Corporation
4.2.7 China  Southern  Power  Grid
4.2.8 Daimler/Mercedes-Benz  Cars
4.2.9 EAN  (European  Aviation  Network)
4.2.10 Elektro  (Neoenergia/Iberdrola)
4.2.11 Enel  Group
4.2.12 FirstNet  (First  Responder  Network)  Authority
4.2.13 France's  PCSTORM  Critical  Communications  Broadband  Project
4.2.14 French  Army
4.2.15 German  Armed  Forces  (Bundeswehr)
4.2.16 Gold  Fields
4.2.17 Halton  Regional  Police  Service
4.2.18 Heathrow  Airport
4.2.19 INET  (Infrastructure  Networks)
4.2.20 Kenyan  Police  Service
4.2.21 KMA  (Korea  Military  Academy)
4.2.22 KRNA  (Korea  Rail  Network  Authority)
4.2.23 LG  Chem
4.2.24 Nedaa
4.2.25 Ocado
4.2.26 PGA  Tour
4.2.27 Port  of  Rotterdam
4.2.28 PSCA  (Punjab  Safe  Cities  Authority)
4.2.29 Qatar  MOI  (Ministry  of  Interior)
4.2.30 RESCAN  (Canary  Islands  Network  for  Emergency  and  Security)
4.2.31 Rio  Tinto  Group
4.2.32 Rivas  Vaciamadrid  City  Council
4.2.33 Royal  Thai  Police
4.2.34 Shanghai  Police  Department
4.2.35 South  Korea’s  Safe-Net  (National  Disaster  Safety  Communications  Network)
4.2.36 Southern  Linc
4.2.37 Tampnet
4.2.38 U.S.  Navy
4.2.39 Ukkoverkot
4.2.40 UN  (United  Nations)
4.2.41 United  Kingdom’s  ESN  (Emergency  Services  Network)
4.2.42 Zhengzhou  Metro
4.3 Review  of  Other  Private  LTE  &  5G  Network  Engagements
4.3.1 Asia  Pacific
4.3.1.1 Bangladesh
4.3.1.2 Australia
4.3.1.3 China
4.3.1.4 Hong  Kong
4.3.1.5 India
4.3.1.6 Indonesia
4.3.1.7 Japan
4.3.1.8 Laos
4.3.1.9 Malaysia
4.3.1.10 New  Zealand
4.3.1.11 Pakistan
4.3.1.12 Philippines
4.3.1.13 Singapore
4.3.1.14 South  Korea
4.3.1.15 Thailand
4.3.1.16 Other  Countries
4.3.2 Europe
4.3.2.1 Austria
4.3.2.2 Belgium
4.3.2.3 Czech  Republic
4.3.2.4 Denmark
4.3.2.5 Estonia
4.3.2.6 Finland
4.3.2.7 France
4.3.2.8 Germany
4.3.2.9 Hungary
4.3.2.10 Ireland
4.3.2.11 Italy
4.3.2.12 Netherlands
4.3.2.13 Norway
4.3.2.14 Poland
4.3.2.15 Portugal
4.3.2.16 Russia
4.3.2.17 Serbia
4.3.2.18 Slovenia
4.3.2.19 Spain
4.3.2.20 Sweden
4.3.2.21 Switzerland
4.3.2.22 Turkey
4.3.2.23 United  Kingdom
4.3.2.24 Other  Countries
4.3.3 Latin  &  Central  America
4.3.3.1 Argentina
4.3.3.2 Bolivia
4.3.3.3 Brazil
4.3.3.4 Chile
4.3.3.5 Colombia
4.3.3.6 Ecuador
4.3.3.7 Mexico
4.3.3.8 Peru
4.3.3.9 Trinidad  &  Tobago
4.3.3.10 Venezuela
4.3.3.11 Other  Countries
4.3.4 Middle  East  &  Africa
4.3.4.1 Algeria
4.3.4.2 Cameroon
4.3.4.3 Côte  d'Ivoire
4.3.4.4 Egypt
4.3.4.5 Ethiopia
4.3.4.6 GCC  (Gulf  Corporation  Council)  Countries
4.3.4.6.1 Oman
4.3.4.6.2 Qatar
4.3.4.6.3 Saudi  Arabia
4.3.4.6.4 United  Arab  Emirates
4.3.4.7 Ghana
4.3.4.8 Iraq
4.3.4.9 Israel
4.3.4.10 Jordan
4.3.4.11 Kenya
4.3.4.12 Lebanon
4.3.4.13 Madagascar
4.3.4.14 Mali
4.3.4.15 Mauritius
4.3.4.16 Morocco
4.3.4.17 Nigeria
4.3.4.18 Republic  of  the  Congo
4.3.4.19 South  Africa
4.3.4.20 Zambia
4.3.4.21 Other  Countries
4.3.5 North  America
4.3.5.1 Canada
4.3.5.2 United  States

5 Chapter  5:  Spectrum  Availability,  Allocation  &  Usage
5.1 Frequency  Bands  for  Private  LTE  &  5G  Networks
5.1.1 Licensed  Spectrum  for  Local,  Regional  &  National  Private  Networks
5.1.1.1 200/230  MHz
5.1.1.2 400/420/450  MHz
5.1.1.3 600  MHz
5.1.1.4 700  MHz
5.1.1.5 800  MHz
5.1.1.6 900  MHz
5.1.1.7 1.4  GHz
5.1.1.8 1.8  GHz
5.1.1.9 1.9  GHz
5.1.1.10 2.1  GHz
5.1.1.11 2.3  GHz
5.1.1.12 2.4  GHz
5.1.1.13 2.5  GHz
5.1.1.14 2.6  GHz
5.1.1.15 3.5  GHz
5.1.1.16 3.6  GHz
5.1.1.17 3.7  GHz
5.1.1.18 4.6  –  4.8  GHz
5.1.1.19 4.9  GHz
5.1.1.20 5.9  GHz
5.1.1.21 26  GHz
5.1.1.22 28  GHz
5.1.1.23 Other  Bands
5.1.2 Shared  Access  Spectrum
5.1.2.1 2.3  GHz  LSA  Band
5.1.2.2 3.5  GHz  (3.55  –  3.7  GHz)  CBRS  Band
5.1.2.3 3.7  –  4.2  GHz  C-Band
5.1.2.4 8  GHz
5.1.2.5 26  GHz
5.1.2.6 28  GHz
5.1.2.7 37  GHz
5.1.2.8 Others  Bands
5.1.3 License  Exempt  Spectrum
5.1.3.1 470/800/900  MHz
5.1.3.2 1.8  GHz  DECT  Guard  Band
5.1.3.3 1.9  GHz  sXGP/DECT  Band
5.1.3.4 2.4  GHz
5.1.3.5 5  GHz
5.1.3.6 6  GHz  (5.925  –  7.125  GHz)
5.1.3.7 57  –  71  GHz
5.1.3.8 Other  Bands
5.2 Spectrum  Regulation,  Sharing  &  Management
5.2.1 National  Frequency  Regulators
5.2.1.1 Identification  &  Allocation  of  Spectrum  for  Private  LTE/5G  Networks
5.2.2 ITU-R  (International  Telecommunication  Union  Radiocommunication  Sector)
5.2.2.1 International  &  Regional  Harmonization  of  Spectrum
5.2.3 CEPT  (European  Conference  of  Postal  and  Telecommunications  Administrations)
5.2.3.1 ECC  (Electronic  Communications  Committee):  Common  Policies  for  Private  LTE/5G  Spectrum  in  Europe
5.2.3.2 Broadband  PPDR  (Public  Protection  and  Disaster  Relief)  Networks
5.2.3.3 Radio  Spectrum  for  Railway  Applications
5.2.4 ETSI  (European  Telecommunications  Standards  Institute)
5.2.4.1 Standards  for  the  Implementation  of  LSA  (Licensed  Shared  Access)
5.2.5 450  MHz  Alliance
5.2.5.1 Promoting  the  Use  of  450  MHz  for  LTE  Networks
5.2.6 CBRS  Alliance
5.2.6.1 OnGo  Certification  Program
5.2.7 DSA  (Dynamic  Spectrum  Alliance)
5.2.7.1 Advocacy  Efforts  for  the  Dynamic  Sharing  of  Spectrum
5.2.8 MulteFire  Alliance
5.2.8.1 Release  1.0:  LTE  Operation  in  the  Unlicensed  5  GHz  Band
5.2.8.2 Release  1.1:  Support  for  Industrial  IoT  &  Sub-1/1.9/2.4  GHz  Spectrum  Bands
5.2.9 WInnForum  (Wireless  Innovation  Forum)
5.2.9.1 SSC  (Spectrum  Sharing  Committee):  CBRS  Standards
5.2.9.2 Other  Committees
5.2.10 XGP  (eXtended  Global  Platform)  Forum
5.2.10.1 Development  &  Promotion  of  the  sXGP  Unlicensed  LTE  Service

6 Chapter  6:  Standardization,  Regulatory  &  Collaborative  Initiatives
6.1 3GPP  (Third  Generation  Partnership  Project)
6.1.1 Releases  11-14:  Public  Safety  &  Critical  Communications  Features
6.1.2 Releases  13  &  14:  eMTC,  NB-IoT  &  Unlicensed  Spectrum  Support
6.1.3 Release  15:  5G  NR,  Mission-Critical  Service  Enhancements,  &  Additional  Operating  Bands
6.1.4 Release  16:  5G  URLLC  for  Industrial  IoT,  3GPP-LMR  Interworking  &  Railway/Maritime  Communications
6.1.5 Release  17  &  Beyond:  5G-Based  Direct  Mode,  Broadcast  &  New  Vertical  Applications
6.2 5G  PPP  (5G  Infrastructure  Public  Private  Partnership)/5G-IA  (5G  Infrastructure  Association)
6.2.1 Private  5G-Related  Activities
6.3 5G-ACIA  (5G  Alliance  for  Connected  Industries  and  Automation)
6.3.1 Industrial  Domain  Requirements  in  5G  Standardization,  Regulation,  Spectrum  Allocation  &  Operator  Models
6.4 AGURRE  (Association  of  Major  Users  of  Operational  Radio  Networks,  France)
6.4.1 Advocacy  Efforts  for  Private  LTE/5G  Networks  in  the  Transportation  &  Energy  Sectors
6.5 APCO  (Association  of  Public-Safety  Communications  Officials)  International
6.5.1 Public  Safety  LTE/5G  Advocacy  Efforts
6.5.2 ANS  2.106.1-2019:  Standard  for  PSG  (Public  Safety  Grade)  Site  Hardening  Requirements
6.6 ATIS  (Alliance  for  Telecommunications  Industry  Solutions)
6.6.1 Standardization  Efforts  Relevant  to  Private  &  Critical  Communications  LTE/5G  Networks
6.7 BTG  (Dutch  Association  of  Large-Scale  ICT  &  Telecommunications  Users)
6.7.1 KMBG  (Dutch  Critical  Mobile  Broadband  Users)  Expert  Group
6.7.2 Private  LTE  /5G-Related  Lobbying  Efforts
6.8 B-TrunC  (Broadband  Trunking  Communication)  Industry  Alliance
6.8.1 B-TrunC  Standard  for  LTE-Based  Critical  Communications
6.9 CAMET  (China  Association  of  Metros)
6.9.1 Adoption  of  LTE  as  the  Communications  Standard  for  Urban  Rail  Systems
6.9.2 LTE-M:  Specification  for  Urban  Rail  Transit  Onboard-to-Wayside  Communications
6.10 CEA  (Canadian  Electricity  Association)
6.10.1 PVNO  (Private  Virtual  Network  Operator)  System  for  Electric  Utilities
6.11 CRC  (Communications  Research  Centre  Canada)
6.11.1 Interoperability  Research  and  Evaluation  of  Public  Safety  LTE/5G  Networks
6.12 DRDC  (Defence  Research  and  Development  Canada)
6.12.1 R&D  Efforts  in  Public  Safety  &  Military  LTE/5G  Networks
6.13 ENTELEC  (Energy  Telecommunications  and  Electrical  Association)
6.13.1 Policy  Advocacy  &  Other  Activities  Related  to  Private  LTE/5G  Networks
6.14 ERA  (European  Union  Agency  for  Railways)
6.14.1 Project  on  the  Evolution  of  Railway  Radio  Communication
6.15 ETSI  (European  Telecommunications  Standards  Institute)
6.15.1 TCCE  (TETRA  and  Critical  Communications  Evolution)  Technical  Committee
6.15.1.1 Standards  &  Guidelines  for  Critical  Communications  Broadband
6.15.2 CTI  (Center  for  Testing  and  Interoperability)
6.15.2.1 MCX  (Mission-Critical  PTT,  Video  &  Data)  Plugtests
6.15.3 TC  RT  (Technical  Committee  for  Rail  Telecommunications)
6.15.3.1 FRMCS  (Future  Railway  Mobile  Communication  System)-Related  Standardization  Activities
6.15.4 Other  Technical  Committees  &  Private  LTE/5G-Related  Standards
6.16 EUTC  (European  Utilities  Telecom  Council)
6.16.1 LTE  &  5G-Related  Work
6.17 EWA  (Enterprise  Wireless  Alliance)
6.17.1 Frequency  Coordination  &  Spectrum  Advocacy  for  Private  Wireless  Networks
6.18 GCF  (Global  Certification  Forum)
6.18.1 Certification  of  LTE/5G  Devices  for  Public  Safety  &  Other  Critical  Communications  Networks
6.19 Home  Office,  United  Kingdom
6.19.1 Public  Safety  LTE/5G  Standardization  Efforts
6.20 IETF  (Internet  Engineering  Task  Force)
6.20.1 Standards  &  Protocols  for  Mission-Critical  Services  over  LTE  &  5G  Networks
6.21 IGOF  (International  Governmental  Operators’  Forum)
6.21.1 Addressing  Broadband-Related  Issues  in  Critical  Communications
6.22 JRC  (Joint  Radio  Company)
6.22.1 Frequency  Management  for  Private  Radio  Networks
6.22.2 Spectrum  Advocacy  for  the  United  Kingdom's  Utility  Operators
6.22.3 Addressing  the  Impact  of  5G  on  Electric  Utilities
6.23 KRRI  (Korea  Railroad  Research  Institute)
6.23.1 LTE-Based  KRTCS  (Korean  Radio-Based  Train  Control  System)
6.24 MCOP  (Mission-Critical  Open  Platform)
6.24.1 Open  Platform  for  the  Development  of  Standards-Compliant  MCPTT  Applications
6.25 PSBTA  (Public  Safety  Broadband  Technology  Association)
6.25.1 Public  Safety  LTE/5G-Related  Activities
6.26 PSCE  (Public  Safety  Communications  Europe)
6.26.1 Public  Safety  LTE/5G  Standardization
6.26.2 BroadX  Projects:  Pan-European  Interoperable  Broadband  Mobile  System  for  Public  Safety
6.27 PSCR  (Public  Safety  Communications  Research)  Program
6.27.1 Technology  Development  &  Standardization  Efforts  for  Public  Safety  LTE/5G
6.28 PSTA  (Public  Safety  Technology  Alliance)
6.28.1 Certified  Open  Standards  &  APIs  for  Public  Safety  Communications
6.29 Public  Safety  Canada
6.29.1 Participation  in  the  Federal  PSBN  (Public  Safety  Broadband  Network)  Task  Team
6.30 Safe-Net  Forum
6.30.1 Guidance  &  Ecosystem  Development  for  Public  Safety  LTE  Networks
6.31 SCF  (Small  Cell  Forum)
6.31.1 Specifications  for  Enterprise  &  Unlicensed  Small  Cells
6.32 Seamless  Air  Alliance
6.32.1 Technical  Specifications  and  Recommendations  for  In-Flight  LTE  &  5G  Connectivity
6.33 Shift2Rail
6.33.1 Railway  Communications-Related  R&D  Efforts
6.33.1.1 TD  (Technical  Demonstrator)  2.1:  Development  of  a  New  Communication  System
6.34 TCCA  (The  Critical  Communications  Association)
6.34.1 CCBG  (Critical  Communications  Broadband  Group)
6.34.2 BIG  (Broadband  Industry  Group)
6.35 TIA  (Telecommunications  Industry  Association)
6.35.1 TR-8.8:  Subcommittee  on  Broadband  Data  Systems
6.36 TTA  (Telecommunications  Technology  Association,  South  Korea)
6.36.1 Functional  Requirements  for  Public  Safety  LTE
6.36.2 LTE-R  (LTE  Based  Railway  Communication  System)
6.36.3 LTE-M  (LTE-Maritime)
6.37 U.S.  NIST  (National  Institute  of  Standards  and  Technology)
6.37.1 CTL  (Communications  Technology  Laboratory):  R&D  Leadership  for  FirstNet
6.38 U.S.  NPSTC  (National  Public  Safety  Telecommunications  Council)
6.38.1 Early  Leadership  in  Public  Safety  LTE
6.38.2 LMR-LTE  Integration,  Deployable  Systems  &  Other  Work
6.39 U.S.  NTIA  (National  Telecommunications  and  Information  Administration)
6.39.1 FirstNet  Governance  &  Funding
6.39.2 Other  Work  Related  to  Private  &  Critical  Communications  LTE/5G  Networks
6.40 UBBA  (Utility  Broadband  Alliance)
6.40.1 Efforts  to  Advance  Private  Broadband  Networks  for  Utilities
6.41 UIC  (International  Union  of  Railways)
6.41.1 Replacing  GSM-R  with  Next-Generation  Wireless  Technologies
6.41.2 FRMCS  (Future  Railway  Mobile  Communication  System)  Project
6.42 UNIFE  (The  European  Rail  Supply  Industry  Association)
6.42.1 UNITEL  Committee:  Development  &  Implementation  of  Future  Interoperable  Railway  Communications  Systems
6.43 UTC  (Utilities  Technology  Council)
6.43.1 LTE  &  5G-Related  Advocacy,  Technology  Development  &  Policy  Efforts
6.44 UTCAL  (Utilities  Telecom  &  Technology  Council  América  Latina)
6.44.1 Promoting  the  Adoption  of  Private  LTE/5G  Systems  for  Latin  American  Utilities
6.45 Vendor-Led  Alliances
6.45.1 Huawei's  eLTE  Industry  Alliance
6.45.2 Nokia's  Mission  Critical  Communications  Alliance
6.45.3 L3Harris'  Mission  Critical  Alliance
6.46 Others
6.46.1 National  Government  Agencies  &  Regulators
6.46.2 Regional  &  Country-Specific  Associations
6.46.3 Global  Industry  Associations  &  Organizations

7 Chapter  7:  Future  Roadmap  &  Value  Chain
7.1 Future  Roadmap
7.1.1 Pre-2020:  Continued  Investments  for  Both  Mission  &  Business  Critical  Needs
7.1.2 2020  –  2025:  Commercial  Maturity  of  Unlicensed/Shared  Spectrum  &  Private  5G  Infrastructure
7.1.3 2025  –  2030:  Mass-Market  Adoption  of  Private  LTE/5G  Networks  for  Vertical  Industries
7.2 Value  Chain
7.2.1 Enabling  Technology  Providers
7.2.2 RAN,  Mobile  Core  &  Transport  Infrastructure  Suppliers
7.2.3 Terminal  Equipment  Vendors
7.2.4 System  Integrators
7.2.5 Application  Developers
7.2.6 Test,  Measurement  &  Performance  Specialists
7.2.7 Mobile  Operators
7.2.8 MVNOs
7.2.9 Vertical  Industries,  Enterprises  &  Other  End  Users

8 Chapter  8:  Key  Ecosystem  Players
8.1 4K  Solutions
8.2 ABB
8.3 Accelleran
8.4 Accton  Technology  Corporation/IgniteNet
8.5 Accuver/Qucell/InnoWireless
8.6 Ace  Technologies  Corporation
8.7 AceAxis
8.8 Adax
8.9 ADLINK  Technology
8.10 ADRF  (Advanced  RF  Technologies)
8.11 ADTRAN
8.12 ADVA  Optical  Networking
8.13 Advantech
8.14 Aegex  Technologies
8.15 Affarii  Technologies
8.16 Affirmed  Networks
8.17 Airbus/SLC  (Secure  Land  Communications)
8.18 Airgain
8.19 Airrays
8.20 Airspan  Networks/Dense  Air/Mimosa  Networks
8.21 Airwavz  Solutions
8.22 Alea/Talkway
8.23 Alepo
8.24 Alliander  (450connect/Utility  Connect)
8.25 Allied  Telesis
8.26 Alpha  Networks
8.27 Alpha  Technologies/EnerSys
8.28 Alstom
8.29 Altaeros
8.30 Altair  Semiconductor
8.31 ALTÁN  Redes
8.32 Altice  USA
8.33 Altiostar  Networks
8.34 Altran
8.35 Alvarion  Technologies/SuperCom
8.36 AM  Telecom
8.37 Amarisoft
8.38 Amazon
8.39 Ambra  Solutions/Ecotel
8.40 Amdocs
8.41 American  Tower  Corporation
8.42 Amit  Wireless
8.43 Amphenol  Corporation
8.44 Anktion  (Fujian)  Technology
8.45 Anritsu  Corporation
8.46 ANS  (Advanced  Network  Services)
8.47 Antenna  Company
8.48 Anterix  (pdvWireless)
8.49 Apple
8.50 Aqura  Technologies  (Veris)
8.51 Arcadyan  Technology  Corporation
8.52 Archos
8.53 Arete  M
8.54 Argela/Netsia
8.55 ArgoNET
8.56 ARM
8.57 Arqiva
8.58 Artemis  Networks/Rearden
8.59 Artesyn  Embedded  Computing/SMART  Global  Holdings
8.60 Artiza  Networks
8.61 ASELSAN
8.62 ASOCS
8.63 Assured  Wireless  Corporation
8.64 ASTRI  (Hong  Kong  Applied  Science  and  Technology  Research  Institute)
8.65 ASUS  (ASUSTeK  Computer)/Askey  Computer  Corporation/Aaeon  Technology
8.66 AT&T
8.67 Atel  Antennas
8.68 Athonet
8.69 ATN  International/Geoverse
8.70 Atos/Air-Lynx
8.71 AttoCore
8.72 Avanti  Communications  Group
8.73 AVI
8.74 Aviat  Networks
8.75 Axon
8.76 Axxcelera  Broadband  Wireless  (Axxcss  Wireless  Solutions)
8.77 Axxcss  Wireless  Solutions
8.78 Azcom  Technology
8.79 Azetti  Networks
8.80 BAE  Systems
8.81 BAI  Communications/Transit  Wireless
8.82 Baicells  Technologies
8.83 BandRich
8.84 BandwidthX
8.85 Barrett  Communications
8.86 BARTEC/Pixavi
8.87 BATS  (Broadband  Antenna  Tracking  Systems)
8.88 Baylin  Technologies  (Galtronics  Corporation,  Advantech  Wireless,  Alga  Microwave)
8.89 BCE  (Bell  Canada)
8.90 BEC  Technologies
8.91 Beeper  Communications
8.92 Benetel
8.93 BesoVideo
8.94 Billion  Electric
8.95 Bird  Technologies
8.96 Bittium  Corporation
8.97 Black  &  Veatch
8.98 Black  Box  Corporation
8.99 Blackned
8.100 Blue  Danube  Systems
8.101 Blue  Wireless
8.102 Bluebird
8.103 BLUnet  (Axpo  WZ-Systems)
8.104 Boingo  Wireless
8.105 Bombardier
8.106 Booz  Allen  Hamilton
8.107 Bouygues  Telecom
8.108 Boxchip
8.109 Broadcom
8.110 BroadForward
8.111 Broadpeak
8.112 BTI  Wireless
8.113 Bullitt/Cat  Phones  (Caterpillar)/Land  Rover  Explore
8.114 Bureau  Veritas/7Layers
8.115 BVSystems  (Berkeley  Varitronics  Systems)
8.116 C  Spire
8.117 CableFree  (Wireless  Excellence)
8.118 CableLabs/Kyrio
8.119 CACI  International/LGS  Innovations
8.120 CalAmp/LoJack
8.121 Cambium  Networks
8.122 Cambridge  Consultants
8.123 CapX  Nederland
8.124 Casa  Systems/NetComm  Wireless
8.125 Casio  Computer  Company
8.126 CCI  (Communication  Components  Inc.)/BLiNQ  Networks
8.127 CCI  Systems
8.128 CCN  (Cirrus  Core  Networks)
8.129 CellAntenna  Corporation
8.130 Cellnex  Telecom
8.131 cellXica
8.132 Centerline  Communications
8.133 Ceragon  Networks
8.134 Challenge  Networks
8.135 Charter  Communications
8.136 Chemring  Technology  Solutions
8.137 Cheytec  Telecommunications
8.138 China  Mobile
8.139 China  Telecom
8.140 China  Unicom
8.141 CHPC  (Cirtek  Holdings  Philippines  Corporation)/  Quintel
8.142 CICT  (China  Information  and  Communication  Technology  Group)/China  Xinke  Group
8.143 Ciena  Corporation
8.144 Cirpack
8.145 Cisco  Systems
8.146 Cloudstreet
8.147 Cobham  Wireless
8.148 Codan  Communications
8.149 Coherent  Logix
8.150 Collinear  Networks
8.151 Collins  Aerospace/United  Technologies  Corporation
8.152 Comba  Telecom
8.153 Comcast  Corporation
8.154 COMLAB
8.155 CommAgility
8.156 CommScope/ARRIS  International/Ruckus  Networks
8.157 Comrod  Communication  Group
8.158 Comtech  Telecommunications  Corporation
8.159 CONET  Technologies
8.160 Connect  Tech
8.161 Contela
8.162 Coolpad
8.163 Cornet  Technology
8.164 Corning/SpiderCloud  Wireless/iBwave  Solutions
8.165 Cox  Communications
8.166 Cradlepoint
8.167 Crown  Castle  International  Corporation
8.168 CS  Corporation
8.169 Cubic  Corporation/Deltenna
8.170 CybertelBridge
8.171 Dali  Wireless
8.172 DAMM  Cellular  Systems
8.173 DBcom
8.174 DEKRA
8.175 Dell  Technologies
8.176 Delta/Agema
8.177 Dialogic
8.178 Digi  International
8.179 Digital  Bridge  Holdings/Colony  Capital
8.180 Digital  Colony/Freshwave  Group
8.181 D-Link  Corporation
8.182 DMI
8.183 DragonWave-X
8.184 Druid  Software
8.185 DT  (Deutsche  Telekom)
8.186 Duons
8.187 Durabook  (Twinhead  International  Corporation)
8.188 Easycom  (Shenzhen  Easycom  Electronics)
8.189 E-Band  Communications  (Axxcss  Wireless  Solutions)
8.190 EchoStar  Corporation/Hughes  Network  Systems
8.191 ECI  Telecom
8.192 Ecom  Instruments/Pepperl+Fuchs
8.193 EE/BT  Group
8.194 EION  Wireless
8.195 Ekinops/OneAccess
8.196 Elbit  Systems
8.197 Elefante  Group
8.198 Elisa
8.199 Elistair
8.200 ELUON  Corporation
8.201 Embraer
8.202 Emerson
8.203 Encore  Networks
8.204 ENENSYS  Technologies/Expway
8.205 Enexis
8.206 Epiroc
8.207 Ericsson
8.208 Essential  Products
8.209 Estalky  (K-Mobile  Technology)
8.210 ETELM
8.211 eTera  Communication/Sinotech  R&D  Group
8.212 Etherstack
8.213 Ethertronics/AVX  Corporation  (Kyocera)
8.214 ETRI  (Electronics  &  Telecommunications  Research  Institute,  South  Korea)
8.215 Etteplan
8.216 Excelerate  Group
8.217 EXFO/Astellia
8.218 Expeto
8.219 ExteNet  Systems
8.220 Eyecom  Telecommunications  Group
8.221 Facebook
8.222 Fairspectrum
8.223 Fairwaves
8.224 Fastback  Networks  (CBF  Networks)
8.225 FCNT  (Fujitsu  Connected  Technologies)/JEMS  (Japan  EM  Solutions)
8.226 Federated  Wireless
8.227 Fenix  Group
8.228 Fibocom  Wireless
8.229 Flash  Private  Mobile  Networks
8.230 Flightcell  International
8.231 Fraunhofer  FOKUS  (Institute  for  Open  Communication  Systems)
8.232 Fraunhofer  HHI  (Heinrich  Hertz  Institute)
8.233 Fraunhofer  IIS  (Institute  for  Integrated  Circuits)
8.234 Fraunhofer  IPT  (Institute  for  Production  Technology)
8.235 Frequentis
8.236 FRTek
8.237 Fujian  BelFone  Communications  Technology
8.238 Fujitsu
8.239 Funk-Electronic  Piciorgros
8.240 Funkwerk
8.241 Future  Technologies  Venture
8.242 GCT  Semiconductor
8.243 GE  (General  Electric)
8.244 Gemalto  (Thales)
8.245 Gemtek  Technology
8.246 Genaker
8.247 General  Dynamics  Mission  Systems
8.248 GenXComm
8.249 Geotab
8.250 Getac  Technology  Corporation
8.251 Gilat  Satellite  Networks
8.252 Globalstar
8.253 Gogo
8.254 Goodman  Networks
8.255 Goodmill  Systems
8.256 Google/Alphabet
8.257 Green  Packet
8.258 GRENTECH
8.259 GroupTalk
8.260 GSI  (GS  Instech)/GST  (GS  Teletech)
8.261 GWT  (Global  Wireless  Technologies)
8.262 Halys
8.263 Handheld  Group
8.264 HAPSMobile/AeroVironment
8.265 Harbor  Max
8.266 HBFEC  (Hebei  Far  East  Communication  System  Engineering)
8.267 HCL  Technologies
8.268 HFR
8.269 HISPASAT  Group
8.270 Hitachi/Hitachi  Rail  STS
8.271 HMD  Global
8.272 Hoimyung  ICT
8.273 Hon  Hai  Precision  Industry/Foxconn  Technology  Group/Sharp  Corporation
8.274 Honeywell  International
8.275 Hoverfly  Technologies
8.276 HP
8.277 HPE  (Hewlett  Packard  Enterprise)
8.278 HTC  Corporation
8.279 Huawei/HiSilicon
8.280 Huber+Suhner
8.281 Hytera  Communications/Sepura/Teltronic
8.282 IAI  (Israel  Aerospace  Industries)/Elta  Systems
8.283 IBM  Corporation/Red  Hat
8.284 Ice  Group
8.285 Icom
8.286 IDEMIA
8.287 IDY  Corporation
8.288 IMPTT
8.289 Indra
8.290 INET  (Infrastructure  Networks)
8.291 Infinera/Coriant
8.292 Infomark  Corporation
8.293 Infovista
8.294 Inmarsat
8.295 Inrico  (Shenzhen  Inrico  Electronics)
8.296 Inseego  Corporation
8.297 Instant  Connect
8.298 Intel  Corporation
8.299 Intelsat
8.300 InterDigital
8.301 Interop  Technologies
8.302 Intracom  Telecom
8.303 IoT4Net
8.304 ip.access
8.305 IPITEK  (Integrated  Photonics  Technology)
8.306 IPLOOK  Networks
8.307 Iradio  Electronics
8.308 Iridium  Communications
8.309 ISCO  International
8.310 Iskratel
8.311 IS-Wireless
8.312 Italtel/Exprivia
8.313 ITRI  (Industrial  Technology  Research  Institute,  Taiwan)
8.314 IWT  (Innovative  Wireless  Technologies)
8.315 Jaton  Technology
8.316 JCI  (Japan  Communications  Inc.)/Contour  Networks
8.317 JMA  Wireless/PHAZR
8.318 JRC  (Japan  Radio  Company)
8.319 Juni  Global
8.320 Juniper  Networks
8.321 JVCKENWOOD  Corporation/Zetron
8.322 Kalmar  (Cargotec)
8.323 Kathrein  Mobile  Communication  (Ericsson)
8.324 KBR
8.325 Key  Bridge  Wireless
8.326 Keysight  Technologies
8.327 Kirisun  Communications
8.328 Kisan  Telecom
8.329 Klas  Telecom
8.330 Klein  Electronics
8.331 Kleos
8.332 KMW
8.333 Komatsu/Modular  Mining  Systems
8.334 Konecranes
8.335 KPN/KPN  Critical  Communications
8.336 KT  Corporation
8.337 Kudelski  Group
8.338 KUKA
8.339 Kumu  Networks
8.340 K-Won/Hunter  Technology
8.341 Kymeta  Corporation
8.342 Kyocera  Corporation
8.343 L3Harris  Technologies
8.344 Landmark  Dividend
8.345 LCR  Embedded  Systems
8.346 Leidos
8.347 Lemko  Corporation
8.348 Lenovo/Motorola  Mobility
8.349 Leonardo
8.350 LG  Corporation/LG  Electronics/LG  Innotek
8.351 LG  Uplus
8.352 Ligado  Networks
8.353 Lime  Microsystems
8.354 Lisheng  Fujian  Communications
8.355 Lociva
8.356 Lockheed  Martin  Corporation
8.357 LS  telcom
8.358 Marlink  Group
8.359 Martin  UAV
8.360 Marvell  Technology  Group
8.361 Mavenir  Systems
8.362 MediaTek
8.363 Mellanox  Technologies
8.364 MER  Group
8.365 Metaswitch  Networks
8.366 Metro  Network  Services
8.367 Microlab
8.368 Microsoft  Corporation
8.369 Microwave  Networks
8.370 MitraStar  Technology  Corporation
8.371 Mitsubishi  Electric  Corporation
8.372 Mobile  Tornado
8.373 MobileDemand
8.374 Mobilicom
8.375 Mobilitie
8.376 Motorola  Solutions
8.377 MP  Antenna
8.378 MTI  (Microelectronics  Technology,  Inc.)
8.379 Multi-Tech  Systems
8.380 Mushroom  Networks
8.381 Mutualink
8.382 MVM  NET
8.383 MYT  Electronics
8.384 N.A.T.
8.385 Nash  Technologies
8.386 NEC  Corporation
8.387 Nemergent  Solutions
8.388 Neolink  Communications  Technology
8.389 Neptune  Mobile
8.390 Net1  International
8.391 Netas
8.392 NetCity  (GEOS  Telecom/GEOS  Holding)
8.393 Netgear
8.394 NetMotion  Software
8.395 NetNumber
8.396 NETSCOUT  Systems
8.397 Neutral  Connect  Networks/Connectivity  Wireless  Solutions  (M/C  Partners)
8.398 New  Postcom  Equipment
8.399 Nextivity
8.400 NI  (National  Instruments)
8.401 Node-H
8.402 Nokia
8.403 Nominet
8.404 Nordic  Telecom
8.405 Northrop  Grumman  Corporation
8.406 Nsight/Cellcom
8.407 Nubia  Technology  (ZTE)
8.408 NuRAN  Wireless/Nutaq  Innovation
8.409 NXP  Semiconductors
8.410 Oceus  Networks
8.411 Octasic
8.412 ODN  (Orbital  Data  Network)
8.413 Omnitele
8.414 One2many
8.415 OneWeb
8.416 OPPO/Vivo/OnePlus/Realme  (BBK  Electronics  Corporation)
8.417 Oracle  Communications
8.418 Orange
8.419 Orion  Labs
8.420 PacStar  (Pacific  Star  Communications)
8.421 Panasonic  Corporation/Panasonic  Avionics  Corporation/AeroMobile  Communications
8.422 Panda  Electronics
8.423 Panorama  Antennas
8.424 Parallel  Wireless
8.425 Parsons  Corporation
8.426 Pavlov  Media
8.427 PCTEL
8.428 PCTEST  Lab  (PCTEST  Engineering  Laboratory)
8.429 Pei  Tel  Communications/Peiker
8.430 Pentonet
8.431 Pepro
8.432 Perspecta  Labs
8.433 Phluido
8.434 Pierson  Wireless
8.435 Plover  Bay  Technologies  (Peplink/Pepwave)
8.436 PoCStar  (Shanli  Tongyi  Information  Technology)
8.437 Polaris  Networks
8.438 Potevio
8.439 PRESCOM
8.440 PrioCom
8.441 PTI  (Persistent  Telecom  Inc.)/NetGenuity/RIVA  Networks
8.442 Publicis  Sapient
8.443 Puloli
8.444 Qinetiq
8.445 QuadGen  Wireless  Solutions
8.446 Qualcomm
8.447 Quanta  Computer/QCT  (Quanta  Cloud  Technology)
8.448 Quantum  Wireless
8.449 Quectel  Wireless  Solutions
8.450 Qulsar
8.451 Quortus
8.452 RACOM  Corporation
8.453 RAD  Data  Communications
8.454 Radio  IP  Software
8.455 Radisys  Corporation/Reliance  Industries
8.456 RADWIN
8.457 Rafael  Advanced  Defense  Systems
8.458 Rajant  Corporation
8.459 Range  Networks
8.460 Raycap/STEALTH  Concealment  Solutions
8.461 Raytheon  Company
8.462 Red  Rover
8.463 RED  Technologies
8.464 REDCOM  Laboratories/IMSWorkX
8.465 Redline  Communications
8.466 REMEC  Broadband  Wireless  Networks/Bridgewave  Communications/SAGE  SatCom  (Axxcss  Wireless  Solutions)
8.467 Rescue  42/PodRunner
8.468 RF  Window
8.469 RFS  (Radio  Frequency  Systems)
8.470 Ribbon  Communications
8.471 Rivada  Networks
8.472 Robert  Bosch
8.473 Robustel
8.474 Rogers  Communications
8.475 Rohde  &  Schwarz
8.476 Rohill
8.477 Rosenberger
8.478 RTX  A/S
8.479 RugGear
8.480 Ruijie  Networks
8.481 S&T/Kontron/Kapsch  CarrierCom
8.482 Saab
8.483 SafeMobile
8.484 Safran/ZII  (Zodiac  Inflight  Innovations)
8.485 SAI  Technology
8.486 SAIC  (Science  Applications  International  Corporation)
8.487 Samji  Electronics
8.488 Samsung
8.489 Sandvik
8.490 Sanjole
8.491 SBA  Communications  Corporation
8.492 Schneider  Electric
8.493 Seowon  Intech
8.494 Sequans  Communications
8.495 Sercomm  Corporation
8.496 SES
8.497 SFR/Altice  France
8.498 SGS
8.499 Sharp  Corporation/Dynabook  (Foxconn)
8.500 Shentel  (Shenandoah  Telecommunications  Company)
8.501 Shenzhen  Recoda  Technologies
8.502 SIAE  Microelettronica/SM  Optics
8.503 Siemens/Siemens  Mobility
8.504 Sierra  Wireless
8.505 Signal  Information  &  Communication  Corporation
8.506 Siklu  Communication
8.507 Silicom  SAS  (France)
8.508 Simoco  Wireless  Solutions
8.509 Singtel/Optus
8.510 SiRRAN  Communications
8.511 SITRONICS
8.512 Siyata  Mobile/Uniden
8.513 SK  Telecom
8.514 SK  Telesys
8.515 SLA  Corporation/ESChat
8.516 SmartSky  Networks
8.517 SoftBank  Group/BBB  (BB  Backbone  Corporation)
8.518 Softil
8.519 SOLiD
8.520 Soliton  Systems
8.521 Sonim  Technologies
8.522 Sony  Corporation/Sony  Mobile  Communications
8.523 Sooktha
8.524 Southern  Linc
8.525 Space  Data  Corporation
8.526 Spectra  Group
8.527 Speedcast  International
8.528 SPIE  Group
8.529 Spirent  Communications
8.530 Sporton  International
8.531 Sprint  Corporation
8.532 SRS  (Software  Radio  Systems)
8.533 ST  Engineering  iDirect
8.534 Star  Microwave
8.535 Star  Solutions
8.536 Steep
8.537 Steveco
8.538 STMicroelectronics
8.539 sTraffic
8.540 StrattoOpencell  (Digital  Colony/Freshwave  Group)
8.541 StreamWIDE
8.542 Sumitomo  Electric  Industries
8.543 Sunsea  AIoT/SIMCom  Wireless  Solutions/Longsung  Technology
8.544 Suzhou  Aquila  Solutions  (Aquila  Wireless)
8.545 Swisscom/Swisscom  Broadcast
8.546 Syniverse  Technologies
8.547 System  Innovation  Group
8.548 T&W  (Shenzhen  Gongjin  Electronics)
8.549 TacSat  Networks
8.550 Tait  Communications
8.551 Talk-IP  International
8.552 Talkpod  Technology
8.553 Tampa  Microwave  (Thales)
8.554 Tampnet
8.555 Tango  Networks
8.556 Taoglas
8.557 TASSTA
8.558 Tata  Elxsi
8.559 TCL  Communication  (TCL/Alcatel/BlackBerry)
8.560 TCOM
8.561 TD  Tech
8.562 Tech  Mahindra
8.563 Technicolor
8.564 Tecom
8.565 Tecore  Networks
8.566 TEKTELIC  Communications
8.567 Telco  Systems/BATM  Advanced  Communications
8.568 Teldat
8.569 Tele2  Russia/SkyLink
8.570 Telecom26
8.571 Telefónica  Group
8.572 Telenor  Group/Telenor  Maritime
8.573 Telespazio  (Leonardo/Thales)
8.574 TeleWare/PMN  (Private  Mobile  Networks)
8.575 Teleworld  Solutions
8.576 Telia  Company
8.577 Telit  Communications
8.578 Tellabs
8.579 Telo  Systems  Corporation
8.580 Telrad  Networks
8.581 Telstra
8.582 Telus
8.583 Teracom  Group/Net1  Sweden  (Netett  Sverige)
8.584 TESSCO  Technologies/Ventev
8.585 Thales
8.586 TI  (Texas  Instruments)
8.587 Tillman  Infrastructure
8.588 TIM  (Telecom  Italia  Mobile)
8.589 TLC  Solutions
8.590 T-Mobile  US
8.591 TOKIE  Solutions/Irvees  Technology
8.592 Toshiba  Corporation
8.593 Trópico/CPqD  (Center  for  Research  and  Development  in  Telecommunications,  Brazil)
8.594 Twilio/CND  (Core  Network  Dynamics)
8.595 U.S.  Cellular
8.596 UANGEL
8.597 U-Blox
8.598 Ubicquia
8.599 UK  Broadband/Three  UK  (CK  Hutchison  Holdings)
8.600 Ukkoverkot
8.601 UL
8.602 UNIMO  Technology
8.603 Unisoc
8.604 UniStrong
8.605 URSYS
8.606 Utility  (Utility  Associates)
8.607 Vanu
8.608 Verizon  Communications
8.609 Vertical  Bridge
8.610 Verveba  Telecom
8.611 Viasat
8.612 Viavi  Solutions
8.613 VINCI  Energies/Koning  &  Hartman/Sysoco
8.614 VinSmart/Vingroup
8.615 Virtualnetcom/VNC  (Virtual  Network  Communications)
8.616 Vislink  Technologies
8.617 Vivint  Internet
8.618 VMware
8.619 VNL  (Vihaan  Networks  Limited)
8.620 Vodafone  Group
8.621 Voentelecom
8.622 Volvo  CE  (Construction  Equipment)
8.623 Voxer
8.624 VTT  Technical  Research  Centre  of  Finland
8.625 VVDN  Technologies
8.626 Wave  Wireless
8.627 Wavetel  Technology
8.628 Westell  Technologies
8.629 WH  Bence  Group
8.630 Widelity
8.631 WIG  (Wireless  Infrastructure  Group)
8.632 Wildox  (Shenzhen  Happy  Technology)
8.633 Wipro
8.634 Wireless  Logic  Group
8.635 Wireless  Technologies  Finland
8.636 Wireless  Telecom  Group
8.637 WNC  (Wistron  NeWeb  Corporation)
8.638 Wouxun  (Quanzhou  Wouxun  Electronics)
8.639 WTL  (World  Telecom  Labs)
8.640 Wytec  International
8.641 XCOM/M87
8.642 Xiaomi  Corporation
8.643 Xilinx
8.644 XipLink/Sevis  Systems
8.645 Yageo  Corporation/Pulse  Electronics
8.646 Yanton  (Quanzhou  Yanton  Electronics)
8.647 Yokogawa  Electric  Corporation
8.648 Z-Com
8.649 Zcomax  Technologies
8.650 Zebra  Technologies
8.651 Zello
8.652 ZenFi  Networks
8.653 Zetel  Solutions
8.654 Zinwave/McWane
8.655 Zmtel  (Shanghai  Zhongmi  Communication  Technology)
8.656 ZTE/Caltta
8.657 Zyxel  Communications  Corporation

9 Chapter  9:  Market  Sizing  &  Forecasts
9.1 Global  Outlook  for  Private  LTE  &  5G  Network  Investments
9.2 Segmentation  by  Submarket
9.2.1 RAN
9.2.2 Mobile  Core
9.2.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.3 Segmentation  by  Technology
9.3.1 Private  LTE
9.3.1.1 RAN
9.3.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.3.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.3.2 Private  5G
9.3.2.1 RAN
9.3.2.2 Mobile  Core
9.3.2.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.4 Segmentation  by  Spectrum  Type
9.4.1 Licensed  Spectrum
9.4.2 Unlicensed/Shared  Spectrum
9.5 Segmentation  by  Unlicensed/Shared  Spectrum  Frequency  Band
9.5.1 1.9  GHz  sXGP/DECT
9.5.2 2.4  GHz
9.5.3 3.5  GHz  CBRS
9.5.4 5  GHz
9.5.5 Other  Bands
9.6 Segmentation  by  Vertical  Market
9.6.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.6.1.1 RAN
9.6.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.2 Public  Safety
9.6.2.1 RAN
9.6.2.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.2.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.3 Military
9.6.3.1 RAN
9.6.3.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.3.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.4 Energy
9.6.4.1 RAN
9.6.4.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.4.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.5 Utilities
9.6.5.1 RAN
9.6.5.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.5.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.6 Mining
9.6.6.1 RAN
9.6.6.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.6.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.7 Transportation
9.6.7.1 RAN
9.6.7.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.7.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.8 Factories  &  Warehouses
9.6.8.1 RAN
9.6.8.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.8.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.9 Other  Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT  Sectors
9.6.9.1 RAN
9.6.9.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.9.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.10 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.6.10.1 RAN
9.6.10.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.10.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.6.11 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
9.6.11.1 RAN
9.6.11.2 Mobile  Core
9.6.11.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.7 Segmentation  by  Region
9.7.1 Submarkets
9.7.1.1 RAN
9.7.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.7.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.7.2 Vertical  Markets
9.7.2.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.7.2.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.7.2.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
9.8 Asia  Pacific
9.8.1 Submarkets
9.8.1.1 RAN
9.8.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.8.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.8.2 Vertical  Markets
9.8.2.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.8.2.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.8.2.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
9.9 Eastern  Europe
9.9.1 Submarkets
9.9.1.1 RAN
9.9.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.9.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.9.2 Vertical  Markets
9.9.2.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.9.2.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.9.2.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
9.10 Latin  &  Central  America
9.10.1 Submarkets
9.10.1.1 RAN
9.10.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.10.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.10.2 Vertical  Markets
9.10.2.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.10.2.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.10.2.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
9.11 Middle  East  &  Africa
9.11.1 Submarkets
9.11.1.1 RAN
9.11.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.11.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.11.2 Vertical  Markets
9.11.2.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.11.2.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.11.2.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
9.12 North  America
9.12.1 Submarkets
9.12.1.1 RAN
9.12.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.12.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.12.2 Vertical  Markets
9.12.2.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.12.2.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.12.2.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts
9.13 Western  Europe
9.13.1 Submarkets
9.13.1.1 RAN
9.13.1.2 Mobile  Core
9.13.1.3 Backhaul  &  Transport
9.13.2 Vertical  Markets
9.13.2.1 Critical  Communications  &  Industrial  IoT
9.13.2.2 Enterprise  &  Campus  Environments
9.13.2.3 Public  Venues  &  Other  Neutral  Hosts

10 Chapter  10:  Conclusion  &  Strategic  Recommendations
10.1 Why  is  the  Market  Poised  to  Grow?
10.2 Competitive  Industry  Landscape:  Acquisitions,  Consolidation  &  Strategic  Alliances
10.3 Which  Licensed  Spectrum  Bands  Dominate  the  Market?
10.3.1 Sub-500  MHz  Bands
10.3.2 700/800/900  MHz
10.3.3 1.4  –  3.8  GHz
10.3.4 Higher  Frequencies
10.4 Evolving  Regulatory  Environment  for  Spectrum  Licensing
10.5 Prospects  of  Unlicensed/Shared  Spectrum  Private  LTE  &  5G  Networks
10.6 Opportunities  for  Smaller  Vendors  &  System  Integrators
10.7 Opening  the  Door  to  Industrial  &  Mission/Business-Critical  IoT  Services
10.8 Delivering  Ultra-Reliable,  Low-Latency  Wireless  Connectivity  for  Industry  4.0
10.9 Creating  Smarter  Cities  with  Dedicated  Wireless  Networks
10.10 The  Emergence  of  Private  5G  Networks
10.11 Practical  Examples  of  Private  5G  Network  Applications
10.11.1 UHD  (Ultra-High  Definition)  Video  Delivery
10.11.2 Connected  Robotics  for  Factory  Automation
10.11.3 Massive-Scale  Sensor  Networking
10.11.4 AR-Assisted  Industrial  Applications
10.11.5 VR-Based  Military  Training  Programs
10.11.6 AGVs  (Automated  Guided  Vehicles)
10.11.7 Automated  Cranes  &  Terminal  Tractors
10.11.8 Remote  Control  of  Heavy  Construction  Machinery
10.11.9 Drones  for  Mission-Critical  Services
10.11.10 Teleprotection  for  Smart  Grids
10.11.11 Port  &  Terminal  Automation
10.11.12 5G-Equipped  Robots  for  the  Inspection  of  Gas  Leaks
10.11.13 Smart  Helmets  for  Critical  Inspections
10.11.14 Predictive  Pipe  Maintenance
10.12 Continued  Investments  in  Private  LTE  Networks  for  Public  Safety  &  Critical  Communications
10.13 When  Will  LTE  &  5G  NR  Replace  GSM-R  for  Railway  Communications?
10.14 The  Role  of  Mobile  Operators
10.14.1 Operator  Built  &  Managed  Nationwide  Public  Safety  Broadband  Networks
10.14.2 Private  MVNO  Arrangements
10.14.3 Operator-Branded  LTE/5G  Critical  Communications  Platforms
10.14.4 Local  Private  LTE/5G  Networks  as  a  Managed  Service
10.14.5 Private  LTE/5G  Data  Processing  with  Edge  Computing
10.14.6 Logical  Slicing  of  Mobile  Operator  Network  Assets
10.14.7 Dedicated  Access  to  Licensed  Spectrum
10.14.8 BYON  (Build-Your-Own-Network)  Solutions
10.15 The  Importance  of  Roaming  in  Private  LTE  &  5G  Networks
10.16 Neutral-Host  &  Wholesale  Operators:  New  Business  Models  with  Private  LTE/5G  Networks
10.17 Growing  Adoption  of  Deployable  LTE  &  5G-Ready  Systems
10.18 Strategic  Recommendations
10.18.1 Vertical  Industries  &  End  Users
10.18.2 LTE  &  5G  Network  Infrastructure  Suppliers
10.18.3 System  Integrators
10.18.4 Commercial  &  Private  Mobile  Operators
Topics Covered
The report covers the following topics:
- Private LTE and 5G network ecosystem
- Market drivers and barriers
- System architecture and key elements of private LTE and 5G networks
- Analysis of vertical markets and applications – ranging from mobile broadband and mission-critical voice to domain-specific applications such as CBTC (Communications-Based Train Control) and connected robotics for factory automation
- Operational models for private LTE and 5G networks including independent, managed, shared core, hybrid commercial-private and private MVNO networks
- Mission-critical PTT/video/data services, deployable LTE/5G systems, cellular IoT, TSN (Time Sensitive Networking), URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications) techniques, quantum cryptography, unlicensed/shared spectrum, neutral-host/multi-operator small cells, network slicing, MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) and other enabling technologies
- Key trends including the adoption of local and shared spectrum licensing, commercial readiness of private 5G systems for Industry 4.0, nationwide and city-wide public safety broadband network build-outs, regional mission/business-critical LTE networks for utilities and energy companies, localized private LTE/5G networks for railway infrastructure, ports, airports, mines, factories, warehouses, buildings, campuses and public venues, and pioneering neutral-host business models for enterprise and public wireless connectivity.
- Review of private LTE and 5G network engagements worldwide, including case studies of more than 40 live networks
- Spectrum availability, allocation and usage for private LTE and 5G networks across the global, regional and national regulatory domains
- Standardization, regulatory and collaborative initiatives
- Future roadmap and value chain
- Profiles and strategies of over 600 ecosystem players including LTE/5G network infrastructure suppliers and vertical-domain specialists
- Strategic recommendations for end users, LTE/5G network infrastructure suppliers, system integrators and commercial/private mobile operators
- Market analysis and forecasts from 2020 till 2030

Forecast Segmentation
Market forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories:

Submarkets
- RAN (Radio Access Network)
- Mobile Core
- Backhaul & Transport

Air Interface Technologies
- LTE
- 5G

Spectrum Types
- Licensed Spectrum
- Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum

Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Frequency Bands
- 1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT
- 2.4 GHz
- 3.5 GHz CBRS
- 5 GHz
- Other Bands

Vertical Markets
- Critical Communications & Industrial IoT
○ Public Safety
○ Military
○ Energy
○ Utilities
○ Mining
○ Transportation
○ Factories & Warehouses
○ Others
- Enterprise & Campus Environments
- Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts

Regional Markets
- Asia Pacific
- Eastern Europe
- Middle East & Africa
- Latin & Central America
- North America
- Western Europe

Key Questions Answered
The report provides answers to the following key questions:
- How big is the private LTE and 5G network opportunity?
- What trends, drivers and barriers are influencing its growth?
- How is the ecosystem evolving by segment and region?
- What will the market size be in 2023, and at what rate will it grow?
- Which vertical markets and regions will see the highest percentage of growth?
- What is the status of private LTE and 5G network adoption worldwide, and what are the primary usage scenarios of these networks?
- What are the practical applications of private 5G networks – based on early commercial rollouts and pilot deployments?
- How are private LTE and 5G networks delivering broadband and IoT connectivity for smart cities in areas such as public safety, transportation, utilities, waste management and environmental monitoring?
- What are the existing and candidate licensed, unlicensed and shared spectrum bands for the operation of private LTE and 5G networks?
- How will CBRS, sXGP, MulteFire and other unlicensed/shared spectrum access schemes and technologies accelerate the adoption of private LTE and 5G networks in the coming years?
- How does standardization impact the adoption of LTE and 5G networks for critical communications and industrial IoT?
- When will mission-critical PTT/video/data, 3GPP-LMR interworking, URLLC for industrial IoT, railway/maritime communications and other 3GPP-specified vertical-domain capabilities become commercially mature for implementation?
- How will the integration of TSN (Time Sensitive Networking) enable private 5G networks to deliver reliable, low-latency connectivity across a broad range of time-critical industrial applications?
- Do IEEE 802.16s, AeroMACS, WiGRID and other technologies pose a threat to private LTE and 5G networks?
- What opportunities exist for commercial mobile operators in the private LTE and 5G network ecosystem?
- Will FirstNet, Safe-Net, ESN and other nationwide public safety broadband networks eventually replace existing digital LMR networks?
- When will private LTE and 5G networks supersede GSM-R as the predominant radio bearer for railway communications?
- What are the future prospects of rapidly deployable LTE and 5G systems?
- Who are the key ecosystem players, and what are their strategies?
- What strategies should LTE/5G infrastructure suppliers, system integrators, vertical-domain specialists and mobile operators adopt to remain competitive?

Key Findings
The report has the following key findings:
- Expected to reach $4.7 Billion in annual spending by the end of 2020, private LTE and 5G networks are increasingly becoming the preferred approach to deliver wireless connectivity for critical communications, industrial IoT, enterprise & campus environments, and public venues. The market will further grow at a CAGR of 19% between 2020 and 2023, eventually accounting for nearly $8 Billion by the end of 2023.
- SNS Telecom & IT estimates that as much as 30% of these investments – approximately $2.5 Billion – will be directed towards the build-out of private 5G networks which will become preferred wireless connectivity medium to support the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution for the automation of factories, warehouses, ports and other industrial premises, besides serving additional verticals.
- Favorable spectrum licensing regimes – such as the German Government's decision to reserve frequencies in the 3.7 – 3.8 GHz range for localized 5G networks – will be central to the successful adoption of private 5G networks.
- A number of other countries – including Sweden, United Kingdom, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia – are also moving forward with their plans to identify and allocate spectrum for localized, private 5G networks with a primary focus on the 3.7 GHz, 26 GHz and 28 GHz frequency bands.
- The very first private 5G networks are also beginning to be deployed to serve a diverse array of usage scenarios spanning from connected factory robotics and massive-scale sensor networking to the control of AVGs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and AR/VR (Augmented & Virtual Reality).
- For example, Daimler's Mercedes-Benz Cars division is establishing a local 5G network to support automobile production processes at its "Factory 56" in Sindelfingen, while the KMA (Korea Military Academy) is installing a dedicated 5G network in its northern Seoul campus to facilitate mixed reality-based military training programs – with a primary focus on shooting and tactical simulations.
- The private LTE network submarket is well-established with operational deployments across multiple segments of the critical communications and industrial IoT (Internet of Things) industry, as well as enterprise buildings, campuses and public venues. China alone has hundreds of small to medium scale private LTE networks, extending from single site systems through to city-wide networks – predominantly to support police forces, local authorities, power utilities, railways, metro systems, airports and maritime ports.
- Private LTE networks are expected to continue their upward trajectory beyond 2020, with a spate of ongoing and planned network rollouts – from nationwide public safety broadband networks to usage scenarios as diverse as putting LTE-based communications infrastructure on the Moon.
- In addition to the high-profile FirstNet, South Korea’s Safe-Net, Britain’s ESN (Emergency Services Network) nationwide public safety LTE network projects, a number of other national-level engagements have recently come to light – most notably, the Royal Thai Police’s LTE network which is already operational in the greater Bangkok region, Finland's VIRVE 2.0 mission-critical mobile broadband service, France's PCSTORM critical communications broadband project, and Russia's planned secure 450 MHz LTE network for police forces, emergency services and the national guard.
- Other segments within the critical communications industry have also seen growth in the adoption of private LTE networks – with recent investments focused on mining, port and factory automation, deployable broadband systems for military communications, mission-critical voice, broadband and train control applications for railways and metro systems, ATG (Air-to-Ground) and airport surface wireless connectivity for aviation, field area networks for utilities, and maritime LTE platforms for vessels and offshore energy assets.
- In the coming months and years, we expect to see significant activity in the 1.9 GHz sXGP, 3.5 GHz CBRS, 5 GHz and other unlicensed/shared spectrum bands to support the operation of private LTE and 5G networks across a range of environments, particularly enterprise buildings, campuses, public venues, factories and warehouses.
- Leveraging their extensive spectrum assets and mobile networking expertise combined with a growing focus on vertical industries, mobile operators are continuing to retain a strong foothold in the wider private LTE and 5G network ecosystem – with active involvement in projects ranging from large-scale nationwide public safety LTE networks to highly localized 5G networks for industrial environments.
- A number of independent neutral-host and wholesale operators are also stepping up with pioneering business models to provide LTE and 5G connectivity services to both mobile operators and enterprises. For example, using strategically acquired 2.6 GHz and 3.6 GHz spectrum licenses, Airspan's operating company Dense Air plans to provide wholesale wireless connectivity in Ireland, Belgium, Portugal, New Zealand and Australia.
- Cross-industry partnerships are becoming more commonplace as LTE/5G network equipment suppliers wrestle to gain ground in key vertical domains. For example, Nokia has partnered with Komatsu, Sandvik, Konecranes and Kalmar to develop tailored private LTE and 5G network solutions for the mining and transportation industries.








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