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Chinas Governance System What the World Needs to Know About the Oriental Economic Superpower


China’s Governance System: What the World Needs to Know About the Oriental Economic Superpower

Report code: SDMRNA571655 | Industry: National report | Published On: 8/1/2019


Since the “reform and opening up to outside world” policy was enforced in 1978, nearly 40 years of fast-paced economic growth has made China the world’s second largest economy and the world’s largest exporter. Its economy has been deeply integrated into the global economy and joined into the existing global order, led its economy to one that is closely interdependent with other global powerhouses, especially the United States. As China’s economic and strategic clout has grown over the last four decades, the big powers’ relationship with China has expanded to encompass a broad range of global, regional, and bilateral issues. The rapid rise of China has caused a series of Western concerns: Will China's rapid rise change the existing global order? Will the rising China assume the leadership of globalization? China files WTO complaint against U.S, EU over its Non-Market Economy Status, challenge to liberal global economic order? Chinese geopolitics and Donald Trump took office could trigger a military conflict? How will China deal with the Sino-US trade conflicts? What role will China play in existing global order?
China’s Governance System: What the World Needs to Know About the Oriental Economic Superpower answered these questions that Western countries’ think tanks, observers and analysts, policymakers are paying close attention.
The national culture has many aspects of connotation, but any kind of cultural core displays a unique way of thinking. The national culture of a country as the way of thinking will decide the attitude, behavior, and approach of the people and even the top leadership of this country towards the events occurring in real world. China has, over five thousand years of civilized history, nurtured a unique nationalistic culture, enjoying over two thousand years of a feudal autocratic governance system. Its distinctive national culture fueled by Confucianism philosophy has evolved for thousands of years, still rooted in the minds and hearts of the Chinese people today. It is precisely this distinctive national culture of authoritarian governance in China’s feudal society that has led to smooth running of the government for over two thousand years. Nowadays, the Chinese people have inherited reasonable quintessence of the Chinese national culture that incorporates Confucianism philosophy at its core while the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) chose an authoritarian governance system of the one-party ruling since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
In the circumstance of authoritarian governance system of the CCP’s one-party ruling, China has not only embraced its distinctive national culture, but has also internalized this distinctive governance system, possessed the distinctive decision and policy-making process and the distinctive legislative process. This may even create an absolutely different interpretation or understanding for the same event than that of the Westerners. All these are hard for Westerners to understand. Just for this reason, along with a multidisciplinary perspective, from sociology, social psychology, behavioral psychology, cultural psychology, historiography, economics to politics, this book introduces and expounds the Chinese national culture and its evolution with change of the times, the current Chinese governance system and its organizational structure, the Chinese decision and policy-making process and legislative process, and comments the latest and most sensitive issues and flash points that the Western think tanks, observers, analysts, and elites are paying close attention, finally, truthfully describes the challenges for governance system of the CCP. The aim of this book is to help not only the Western countries’ think tanks, observers, analysts, and elites concerned about China, but also the people those who are interested in China to really understand China. Therefore, this book draws only an honest and straightforward portrait, almost making no subjective inference. Analysis is based on officially published documents and data, but its contents are the latest and the most comprehensively systematic, constituting its own distinctive and complete system.
The book is organized as follows. Chapter 1 introduces the origin and the quintessence of the Chinese national culture with Confucianism philosophy as core, the evolution of Confucianism philosophy along with the change of time, and the current Chinese national culture. Chapter 2 provides the honest and straightforward portraits of the organizational structure of CCP’s governance system, including the CCP itself, the CCP-led China’s National People’s Congress, the CCP-led central government—State Council, the CCP directly commanded CCP Central Military Commission and its armed forces, the CCP-led Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, as well as the distinctive features of CCP’s governance system. Chapter 3 depicts the CCP’s decision and policy-making process and gives a case of the CCP’s decision and policy-making process. Chapter 4 describes the legislative procedures of China’s National People’s Congress and the State Council legislative procedures for administrative regulations under the leadership of the CCP. Chapter 5, titled “How to look at China,” analyzes and discusses the latest and most sensitive issues and flash points that the Western think tanks, observers, analysts, and elites are paying close attention. Chapter 6 truthfully describes the challenges for governance system of the CCP, which is based on the facts of the situation and the Chinese people’s will and aspirations.
Assuredly, the book is immersed in the way of thinking of the CCP governing nation as well as the Chinese national culture to reveal the true essence of the CCP, and how the Chinese people deal with events occurring in real world, so as to let the Western countries’ think tanks, observers, analysts, elites and the people those who are interested in China really understand China.

Reasons To Buy
Nearly 40 years of fast-paced economic growth has made China the world’s second largest economy and the world’s largest exporter. Its economy has been deeply integrated into the global economy and joined into the existing global order, led its economy to one that is closely interdependent with other global powerhouses, especially the United States. As China’s economic and strategic clout has grown over the last four decades, the big powers’ relationship with China has expanded to encompass a broad range of global, regional, and bilateral issues. It has been generally recognized that many global problems are nearly impossible to solve without Chinese involvement and support today. The positive or negative spillover effects of China’s policy and action are really too large, which will immediately impact on other countries’ economy, even inadvertently, drastically changing the pattern of the global economy. In fact, in recent years, those Western countries’ think tanks, observers and analysts masterminding schemes for their own governments, and the elites participating in making a policy or strategy toward China for their own governments, even the trading brokers engaged in US dollars and RMB transactions on Wall Street, London, and Hong Kong all concerned about China's policy and action at all times. However, carefully looking through the consultation reports of Western think tanks’ policy and strategy toward China with interests of their own governments, it is deeply felt that it is too difficult for the Westerners to understand China.
China’s Governance System: What the World Needs to Know About the Oriental Economic Superpower provided not only a comprehensive and thorough knowledge of China’s governance system covering Chinese national culture and its evolution with change of the times, the current Chinese governance system and its organizational structure, the Chinese decision and policy-making process and legislative process, but also the analysis and commentary of the latest and most sensitive issues and flash points that the Western think tanks, observers, analysts, and elites are paying close attention, and truthful description of the challenges for governance system of the CCP to guide and help the Western countries’ think tanks, observers, analysts, and elites concerned about China, and the people those who are interested in China to really understand China. This book is worth reading for you.

Key Highlights
1.Chinese National Culture covering the origin and the quintessence of the Chinese national culture with Confucianism philosophy as core, the evolution of Confucianism philosophy along with the change of time, and the current Chinese national culture.
2.Organizational Structure of China’s Governance System covering the organizational structure of CCP’s governance system, including the CCP itself, the CCP-led China’s National People’s Congress, the CCP-led central government—State Council, the CCP directly commanded CCP Central Military Commission and its armed forces, the CCP-led Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, as well as the distinctive features of CCP’s governance system.
3.Decision and Policy- Making Process including the CCP’s decision and policy-making process and a detailed case of the CCP’s decision and policy-making process.
4.Legislative Process covering the legislative procedures of China’s National People’s Congress and the State Council legislative procedures for administrative regulations under the leadership of the CCP.
5.“How to look at China”, which analyzes and discusses the latest and most sensitive issues and flash points that the Western think tanks, observers, analysts, and elites are paying close attention.
6.Challenges for Governance System of the CCP, which provides an analysis on challenges for governance system of the CCP based on the facts of the situation and the Chinese people’s will and aspirations.

Contents  I-III
List  of  Figures  IV
List  of  Tables  V
Preface.1

Chapter  1  Chinese  National  Culture.6

1.1.  Introduction.6
1.2.Confucianism  Philosophy.8
1.2.1.  Rite.8
1.2.2.Benevolence.11
1.2.3.Righteousness.13
1.2.4.  Knowledge.15
1.2.5.Trustworthiness.16
1.3.  Evolution  of  Confucianism  Philosophy.19
1.3.1.Evolution  of  Chinese  National  Culture  in  Mao  Zedong  Era.29
1.3.2.Evolution  of  Chinese  National  Culture  in  Deng  Xiaoping  Era.35
1.3.3.Evolution  of  Chinese  National  Culture  in  Jiang  Zemin  and  Hu  Jintao  Era.79
1.4.  Current  China’s  National  Culture.101
End  Notes.121

Chapter  2  Organizational  Structure  of  Governance  System.127

2.1.  Introduction.127
2.2.  Overview  of  China’s  Top  Organizational  Structure  of  Governance  System.132
2.3.  China’s  Communist  Party  (CCP).133
2.3.1.  Top  Organizational  Structure  of  China’s  Communist  Party  (CCP).133
2.3.2.  Stringent  Constitution  and  Regulation  of  China’s  Communist  Party  (CCP).140
2.3.3.  Leadership  Bodies  of  China’s  Communist  Party  (CCP).146
2.3.4.  Master  Special  Departments  under  the  CCP  Central  Committee.190
2.4.  China’s  National  People’s  Congress  (NPC).212
2.5.  China’s  State  Council.221
2.6.  Central  Military  Commission  and  Armed  forces  of  China’s  Communist  Party  (CCP).262
2.7.  Chinese  People’s  Political  Consultative  Conference  (CPPCC).275
2.8.  The  Distinctive  Features  of  Governance  System  of  China’s  Communist  Party  (CCP).282
2.8.1.  Centralized  Governance  System  by  One-Party  Dictatorship  within  a  Multi  -  Hierarchical  Society.282
2.8.2.  Democratic  Centralism  and  Collective  Leadership.284
2.8.3.  Social  and  Political  Stability.285
2.8.4.  Planning  and  Top-level  Design.287
2.8.5.  Age  and  Term  Limits  for  Official  Positions.288
End  Notes.290

Chapter  3  Decision  and  Policy-  Making  Process.293

3.1.  Unique  Connotation  of  Decisions  and  Policies  Making.293
3.2.  Decisions  and  Policies-Making  Process.301
3.2.1.  CCP  Apparatus’  Decisions  and  Policies-Making  Process.302
3.2.2.  Decisions  and  Policies-Making  by  the  Paramount  Leader.304
3.2.3  Decisions  and  policies-Making  by  the  Politburo  Standing  Committee  (PBSC).304
3.2.4  Decisions  and  Policies-Making  by  the  Political  Bureau  (PB).306
3.2.5.  Categorical  Decisions  and  policies-making  Process.306
3.2.6  A  Case:  Decisions  and  Policies-Making  Process  for  “Decision  of  the  Central  Committee  of  the  Chinese  Communist  Party  on  Some  Major  Issues  Concerning  Comprehensively  Deepening  the  Reform”.309
End  Notes.313

Chapter  4  Legislative  Process.314

4.1.  Legislative  Procedures  for  National  Laws.314
4.1.1.  Legislative  Procedures  for  the  National  People’s  Congress  (NPC).316
4.1.2.  Legislative  Procedures  for  the  Standing  Committee  of  NPC.319
4.2.  Legislative  Procedures  for  Administrative  Regulations.324
End  Notes.341

Chapter  5  How  to  look  at  China.342

5.1.  Will  the  Rising  China  Assumes  the  Leadership  of  Globalization?.343
5.2.  China  Files  WTO  Complaint  Against  US,  EU  over  Its  Non-Market  Economy  Status,  Challenge  to  Liberal  Global  Economic  Order?.350
5.3.  Chinese  Geopolitics  and  Donald  Trump  Took  Office  Could  Trigger  a  Military  Conflict?.363
5.4.  China’s  Principled  and  Potent  Foreign  Policies  Adapting  Changing  International  Situation.388
5.4.1.  Peaceful  Development.391
5.4.2.  New  Model  of  Major-Country  Relations.392
5.4.3.  Neighborhood  Diplomacy.395
5.4.4.  Cooperation  with  Developing  Countries.397
5.4.5.  Multilateral  Relations.398
5.4.6.  Strategy  of  “One  Belt,  One  Road”.399
5.  5.  China’s  Assertions  and  Practices  for  Cyberspace.405
5.5.1.  China’s  Assertions  for  Cyberspace.407
5.5.2.  China’s  Practices  for  Cyberspace.412
5.5.3.  Some  Revelations.414
5.6.  China’s  Transformation  of  Economic  Development  Pattern.416
5.7.  U.S.–China  Trade  Conflict,  How  Does  China  Deal  with  It?.464
5.8.  What  Role  Will  China  Play  and  Its  Relationship  with  World  Order?.496
5.8.1.  Oriental  Middle  Kingdom—ancient  China.498
5.8.2.  China’s  Rise  and  Its  Relationship  with  Existing  International  Order.500
5.8.3.  Geo-culture  and  Chinese  National  Culture.514
5.8.4.  What  Role  Will  China  Play?.522
End  Notes.526

Chapter  6  The  Challenges  for  Governance  System  of  China’s  Communist  Party  (CCP).537

6.1.  Bureaucracy.540
6.2.  Relationship  between  Central  Government  and  Local  Governments.542
6.3.  Weak  Rule  of  Law  and  Missing  Values.546
6.4.  Corruption.550
6.5.  People’s  Willingness  and  Social  Stability.553
6.6.  Conclusion.554
End  Notes.558  

List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.3. A Brief Chinese Chronology.19
Table 1.3.2.1. Reform Programs of SOEs.42
Table 1.3.2.2. Ownership Structure of Industrial Production.43
Table 1.3.2.3. Foreign Direct Investment and Other Foreign Investment.48
Table 1. 3.2.4. Total Chinese Imports and Exports.53
Table 1.3.3.1, Government Expenditure for Education, Medical Care, Social
Security and Employment.99
Table 1.4.1. A List of Headlines of CCP’s Major Guiding Opinions, Programs
and Measures for Reform.110
Chapter 2
Table 2.3. 1. The Departments under the CCP Central Committee.135
Table 2.3.3.1. The 19th Central Committee’s Politburo Standing
Committee..151
Table 2.3.3.2. Leading Group for Continuing the Reform Comprehensively
(Leading Group for Overall Reform).156
Table 2.3.3.3. Standing Committee and Committee of the National Security
Commission of the CCP.161
Table 2.3.3.4. Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs of the
CCP.164
Table 2.3.3.5. Foreign Affairs Leading Group of the CCP.167
Table 2.3.3.6. Central Leading Group for Cyberspace Affairs of the CCP.169
Table 2.4.1. Chairmen's Council of 13th National People's Congress (NPC).218
Table 2.5.1. The Incumbent Top-Ranking Members of the State Council.222
Table 2.5.2. The Incumbent Ministers and Directors of Ministries and
Commissions.223
Table 2.5.3. Organizational Structure of the China’s State Council.240
Table 2.5.4. Organizational Structure of Chinese Ministry of Commerce.260
Table 2.6.1. The Members of Central Military Commission (CMC).263
Table 2.7.1. Chinese Minor Political Parties.280
Chapter 5
Table 5.6.1. China’s Area of Commercial Housing for Sale.450
Table 5.6.2. Rank of Housing Price-to-Income Ratio of 40 Large and Medium
Cities Nationwide (July 2017).454
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