First introduced in Release 12 of the 3GPP specifications, ProSe (Proximity Services) is a D2D (Device-to-Device) technology that allows LTE devices to detect each other and to communicate directly. It relies on multiple enhancements to existing LTE standards including new functional elements and a "sidelink" air interface for direct connectivity between devices.
In comparison to existing D2D and proximity networking technologies, ProSe offers several distinct benefits including but not limited to better scalability, manageability, privacy, security and battery-efficiency. At present, efforts to commercialize ProSe are being spearheaded by the public safety and critical communications sector, amid the ongoing transition from legacy LMR (Land Mobile Radio) systems to LTE networks.
Although initial investments in ProSe-enabled devices will be driven by the public safety and critical communications sector, there also exists a much larger opportunity in the commercial arena. Mobile operators can leverage ProSe to offer a range of B2B, B2B2C and B2C services that rely on proximity, including advertising, social networking, gaming, relaying traffic for wearables and V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) connectivity.
By the end of 2025, SNS Research estimates that mobile operators can pocket as much $17 Billion in ProSe based annual service revenue. Up to 55% of this revenue figure will be attributable to proximity advertising.
The "ProSe (Proximity Services) for LTE & 5G Networks: 2017 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts" report presents an in-depth assessment of the ProSe market including enabling technologies, key trends, market drivers, challenges, standardization, use cases, applications, business models, pre-commercial case studies, opportunities, future roadmap, value chain and strategic recommendations. The report also presents forecasts for ProSe-enabled device shipments and ProSe based mobile operator service revenue from 2018 till 2030. The forecasts cover multiple submarkets and 6 regions.
The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report.
Table of Contents
1 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Executive Summary
1.2 Topics Covered
1.3 Forecast Segmentation
1.4 Key Questions Answered
1.5 Key Findings
1.6 Methodology
1.7 Target Audience
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned
2 Chapter 2: The Evolving 5G Ecosystem
2.1 What is 5G?
2.2 High-Level Architecture of 5G Networks
2.2.1 5G NR (New Radio) Access Network
2.2.2 NextGen (Next Generation) Core Network
2.3 5G Performance Requirements
2.3.1 Data Volume
2.3.2 Data Rate
2.3.3 Bandwidth
2.3.4 Spectral Efficiency
2.3.5 Response Time & Latency
2.3.6 Connection Density
2.3.7 Reliability
2.3.8 Mobility
2.3.9 Availability & Coverage
2.3.10 Energy Efficiency
2.4 5G Market Drivers
2.4.1 Why the Need for a 5G Standard?
2.4.2 Improving Spectrum Utilization
2.4.3 Advances in Key Enabling Technologies
2.4.4 Gigabit Wireless Connectivity: Supporting Future Services
2.4.5 Extreme Device Densities with the IoT (Internet of Things)
2.4.6 Moving Towards a Flatter Network Architecture
2.4.7 Role of Vertical Sectors & the 4th Industrial Revolution
2.5 Challenges & Inhibitors to 5G
2.5.1 Standardization Challenges: Too Many Stakeholders
2.5.2 Spectrum Regulation & Complexities
2.5.3 Massive MIMO, Beamforming & Antenna Technology Issues
2.5.4 Higher Frequencies Mean New Infrastructure
2.5.5 Complex Performance Requirements
2.5.6 Energy Efficiency & Technology Scaling
3 Chapter 3: 5G Usage Scenarios, Applications & Vertical Markets
3.1 Usage Scenarios
3.1.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband)
3.1.2 URLCC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications)
3.1.3 mMTC (Massive Machine-Type Communications)
3.2 Key Applications & Vertical Markets
3.2.1 Consumer & Multi-Sector Applications
3.2.1.1 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access)
3.2.1.2 TV & Media Delivery
3.2.1.3 3D Imaging & Holograms
3.2.1.4 Virtual Presence
3.2.1.5 AR (Augmented Reality)
3.2.1.6 VR (Augmented Reality)
3.2.1.7 Real-Time Gaming
3.2.1.8 Tactile Internet
3.2.1.9 Mobile Cloud Services
3.2.1.10 5G Enabled Robotics
3.2.1.11 Connected Drones
3.2.1.12 Smart & Connected Homes
3.2.1.13 Connectivity for Smart Wearables
3.2.1.14 Conventional Mobile Broadband & Other Applications
3.2.2 Healthcare
3.2.2.1 Telemedicine
3.2.2.2 Bio-Connectivity: Enabling Telecare
3.2.2.3 Remote Surgery & Other Applications
3.2.3 Automotive & Transportation
3.2.3.1 Connected Cars: Infotainment, Navigation & Other Services
3.2.3.2 C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) Communications
3.2.3.3 Autonomous Driving
3.2.3.4 Intelligent Transportation
3.2.3.5 Connectivity for High-Speed Railway, Aerial & Maritime Environments
3.2.4 Public Safety & Critical Communications
3.2.4.1 MCPTT (Mission-Critical Push-to-Talk)
3.2.4.2 Off-Network Secure Communications
3.2.4.3 Situational Awareness
3.2.4.4 Disaster Relief & Other Applications
3.2.5 Industrial Automation
3.2.5.1 5G Enabled Smart Factories
3.2.5.2 Machine Vision
3.2.5.3 Extending the Factory Floor To the Cloud
3.2.5.4 Real-Time Assistance & Other Applications
3.2.6 Other Vertical Sector Applications
3.2.6.1 Agriculture
3.2.6.2 Asset Management & Logistics
3.2.6.3 Construction
3.2.6.4 Education
3.2.6.5 Energy, Utilities & Smart Grids
3.2.6.6 Fitness & Sports
3.2.6.7 Retail, Advertising & Vending
3.2.6.8 Smart Cities & Other Sectors
4 Chapter 4: Enabling Technologies for 5G
4.1 Key Technologies & Concepts
4.1.1 Flexible Air Interface Design
4.1.1.1 Frame Structure
4.1.1.2 Multiple Numerologies
4.1.1.3 Other Aspects
4.1.2 5G Waveform Candidates
4.1.2.1 CP-OFDM (OFDM with Cyclic Prefix)
4.1.2.2 CP-OFDM with WOLA (Weighted Overlap and Add)
4.1.2.3 FCP-OFDM (Flexible CP-OFDM)
4.1.2.4 F-OFDM (Filtered OFDM)
4.1.2.5 BF-OFDM (Block Filtered OFDM)
4.1.2.6 FBMC (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier)/FB-OFDM (Filter Bank OFDM)
4.1.2.7 UFMC (Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier)/UF-OFDM (Universal Filtered OFDM)
4.1.2.8 GFDM (Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing)
4.1.2.9 SC-FDM (Single Carrier FDM)/DFT-S OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread OFDM)
4.1.2.10 Zero-Tail SC-FDM/DFT-S OFDM
4.1.2.11 SC-FDE (Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization)
4.1.2.12 Other Options
4.1.3 Modulation Schemes
4.1.3.1 Initial Baseline for 5G NR
4.1.3.2 Going Beyond 256-QAM: Higher Order Modulations
4.1.3.3 Other Advanced Modulation Schemes
4.1.4 Multiple Access Schemes
4.1.4.1 OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
4.1.4.2 SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access)
4.1.4.3 SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access)
4.1.4.4 Power Domain NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)
4.1.4.5 Code Domain Techniques
4.1.4.5.1 MUSA (Multi-User Shared Access)
4.1.4.5.2 RSMA (Resource Spread Multiple Access)
4.1.4.5.3 LSSA (Low Code Rate and Signature Based Shared Access)
4.1.4.5.4 NOCA (Non-Orthogonal Coded Access)
4.1.4.5.5 NCMA (Non-Orthogonal Coded Multiple Access)
4.1.4.5.6 GOCA (Group Orthogonal Coded Access)
4.1.4.6 Hybrid-Domain & Interleaver-Based Techniques
4.1.4.6.1 SCMA (Spare Code Multiple Access)
4.1.4.6.2 PDMA (Pattern Division Multiple Access)
4.1.4.6.3 IDMA (Interleaver Division Multiple Access)
4.1.4.6.4 IGMA (Interleave-Grid Multiple Access)
4.1.4.6.5 RDMA (Repetition Division Multiple Access)
4.1.4.7 Other Methods
4.1.5 Channel Coding Schemes
4.1.5.1 LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) Coding
4.1.5.2 Polar Coding
4.1.6 Duplex Schemes
4.1.6.1 Dynamic TDD for Higher Frequencies
4.1.6.2 FDD and FDP (Flexible Duplexing on Paired Spectrum)
4.1.6.3 Full Duplex
4.1.7 Centimeter & Millimeter Wave Radio Access
4.1.8 Advanced Antenna Technologies
4.1.8.1 Massive MIMO & MU-MIMO
4.1.8.2 Phased Array Antennas
4.1.8.3 Beamforming & Beam Tracking
4.1.9 D2D (Device-to-Device) Connectivity & Communication
4.1.10 Self-Backhauling & Mesh Networking
4.1.11 Spectrum Sharing & Aggregation
4.1.11.1 Complex Carrier Aggregation Schemes
4.1.11.2 LSA (Licensed Shared Access): Two-Tiered Sharing
4.1.11.3 SAS (Spectrum Access System): Three-Tiered Sharing
4.1.11.4 LAA (License Assisted Access): Licensed & Unlicensed Spectrum Aggregation
4.1.11.5 New Mechanisms for 60 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing
4.1.11.6 MulteFire
4.1.11.7 Cognitive Radio & Spectrum Sensing
4.1.12 Multi-Site & Multi-RAN Connectivity
4.1.12.1 Dual-Connectivity with LTE
4.1.12.2 Interoperability with Wi-Fi & Other Networks
4.1.12.3 Multi-Site Connectivity & User Centric Cell Access
4.1.13 Control and User Plane Separation
4.1.14 Network Slicing
4.1.14.1 RAN Slicing
4.1.14.2 Core Network Slicing
4.1.14.3 End-to-End Network Slicing
4.1.15 Service Based Architecture
4.1.16 Network Security & Privacy Enhancements
4.2 Complementary Technologies
4.2.1 NFV & SDN
4.2.2 Cloud Computing & Hyperscale Data Centers
4.2.3 DevOps & Other IT Concepts
4.2.4 Big Data & Analytics
4.2.5 UDNs (Ultra Dense Networks) & HetNets
4.2.6 RAN Centralization & Functional Splitting
4.2.6.1 C-RAN (Centralized RAN)
4.2.6.2 RAN Functional Split Options
4.2.7 Cloud RAN
4.2.8 MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing)
4.2.9 Wireline Fiber Infrastructure
4.2.9.1 Impact of 5G Rollouts on the Fiber Industry
4.2.9.2 Delivering Tbps Data Rates
4.2.9.3 Current Investment Trends
4.2.9.4 Role of Other Wireline Technologies
4.2.10 VLC (Visible Light Communication) & Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)
4.2.11 Satellites, Drones & Balloons
4.2.11.1 Satellite Integration for 5G Access & Transport Networking
4.2.11.2 Low-Earth Orbit Satellites for Gigabit Speeds: Existing Investments
4.2.11.3 Drones & Balloons for Coverage Extension
4.2.11.4 Interest from Mobile Operators
5 Chapter 5: 5G Investments & Future Forecast
5.1 How Much is Being Invested in 5G R&D?
5.2 R&D Investments by Technology
5.2.1 New Air Interface & Millimeter Wave Radio Access
5.2.2 MIMO, Beamforming & Advanced Antenna Technologies
5.2.3 Spectrum Sharing, Aggregation & Interference Management
5.2.4 Virtualization & Cloud RAN
5.2.5 Network Slicing & Other Technologies
5.3 Pre-Standards 5G Network Investments
5.3.1 Segmentation by Submarket
5.3.2 Base Stations
5.3.3 User Equipment
5.3.4 Transport Networking & Other Investments
5.4 Global Outlook for Standardized 5G Infrastructure
5.4.1 Segmentation by Submarket
5.4.2 5G NR
5.4.2.1 Distributed Macrocell Base Stations
5.4.2.2 Small Cells
5.4.2.3 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads)
5.4.2.4 C-RAN BBUs (Baseband Units)
5.4.3 NextGen Core Network
5.4.4 Fronthaul & Backhaul Networking
5.4.5 Segmentation by Region
5.5 Global Outlook for Standardized 5G User Equipment
5.5.1 Segmentation by Form Factor
5.5.2 Handsets
5.5.3 Tablets
5.5.4 Embedded IoT Modules
5.5.5 USB Dongles
5.5.6 Routers
5.5.7 Segmentation by Region
5.6 Global Outlook for 5G Operator Services
5.6.1 Subscriptions
5.6.2 Service Revenue
5.6.3 Regional Segmentation
5.7 Asia Pacific
5.7.1 Infrastructure
5.7.2 User Equipment
5.7.3 Subscriptions
5.7.4 Service Revenue
5.8 Eastern Europe
5.8.1 Infrastructure
5.8.2 User Equipment
5.8.3 Subscriptions
5.8.4 Service Revenue
5.9 Latin & Central America
5.9.1 Infrastructure
5.9.2 User Equipment
5.9.3 Subscriptions
5.9.4 Service Revenue
5.10 Middle East & Africa
5.10.1 Infrastructure
5.10.2 User Equipment
5.10.3 Subscriptions
5.10.4 Service Revenue
5.11 North America
5.11.1 Infrastructure
5.11.2 User Equipment
5.11.3 Subscriptions
5.11.4 Service Revenue
5.12 Western Europe
5.12.1 Infrastructure
5.12.2 User Equipment
5.12.3 Subscriptions
5.12.4 Service Revenue
6 Chapter 6: Mobile Operator Case Studies & Commitments
6.1.1 Mobile Operator Case Studies
6.1.1.1 AT&T
6.1.1.2 BT Group
6.1.1.3 China Mobile
6.1.1.4 DT (Deutsche Telekom)
6.1.1.5 KT Corporation
6.1.1.6 NTT DoCoMo
6.1.1.7 SK Telecom
6.1.1.8 Telefónica
6.1.1.9 Verizon Communications
6.1.1.10 Vodafone Group
6.2 Review of Mobile Operator 5G Commitments
6.2.1 Asia Pacific
6.2.1.1 Australia
6.2.1.2 China
6.2.1.3 Hong Kong
6.2.1.4 India
6.2.1.5 Japan
6.2.1.6 Philippines
6.2.1.7 Singapore
6.2.1.8 South Korea
6.2.1.9 Taiwan
6.2.1.10 Thailand
6.2.2 Europe
6.2.2.1 Belgium
6.2.2.2 Finland
6.2.2.3 France
6.2.2.4 Germany
6.2.2.5 Italy
6.2.2.6 Netherlands
6.2.2.7 Russia
6.2.2.8 Sweden
6.2.2.9 Switzerland
6.2.2.10 Turkey
6.2.2.11 United Kingdom
6.2.2.12 Other Countries
6.2.3 Latin & Central America
6.2.3.1 Brazil
6.2.3.2 Mexico
6.2.4 Middle East & Africa
6.2.4.1 Bahrain
6.2.4.2 Kuwait
6.2.4.3 Other Countries
6.2.4.4 Qatar
6.2.4.5 Saudi Arabia
6.2.4.6 UAE
6.2.5 North America
6.2.5.1 Canada
6.2.5.2 United States
7 Chapter 7: Spectrum for 5G Networks
7.1 Potential Frequency Bands for 5G
7.1.1 Sub-1 GHz Bands
7.1.2 1-6 GHz Bands
7.1.2.1 3.4 GHz
7.1.2.2 3.5 GHz
7.1.2.3 4.5 GHz
7.1.2.4 5 GHz
7.1.3 Bands Above 6 GHz
7.1.3.1 15 GHz
7.1.3.2 24-30 GHz
7.1.3.3 30-60 GHz
7.1.3.4 E-Band (60-90 GHz)
7.1.3.5 Higher Bands
7.2 Status of 5G Spectrum Allocation
7.3 Asia Pacific
7.3.1 Australia
7.3.2 China
7.3.3 Japan
7.3.4 Singapore
7.3.5 South Korea
7.3.6 Taiwan
7.3.7 Other Countries
7.4 Europe
7.4.1 European Commission & CEPT Recommendations
7.4.2 National Initiatives
7.5 Latin & Central America
7.5.1 CITEL Recommendations
7.5.2 National Initiatives
7.6 Middle East & Africa
7.6.1 GCC Countries
7.6.2 Africa & Other Countries
7.7 North America
7.7.1 Canada
7.7.2 United States
8 Chapter 8: 5G Standardization, Development & Research Initiatives
8.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
8.1.1 Phased Standardization Approach
8.1.1.1 Phase 1: Release 15
8.1.1.2 Phase 2: Release 16
8.1.1.3 Enhancements to Address 5G Objectives in Earlier Releases
8.1.2 Key Aspects of 5G Standardization
8.1.2.1 5G NR Access Network
8.1.2.2 Support for Other Access Networks
8.1.2.3 NextGen System Architecture
8.1.2.4 Deployment Modes: Non-Standalone vs. Standalone Operation
8.2 5G Americas
8.2.1 5G Advocacy Efforts
8.3 5GAA (5G Automotive Association)
8.3.1 Advocacy for 5G & Cellular V2X Technology
8.3.2 Other Alliances in the Automotive Sector
8.4 Broadband Forum
8.4.1 Broadband 20/20 Vision: Convergence of 5G Mobile & Fixed Networks
8.5 CableLabs
8.5.1 Research on High Capacity Millimeter Wave Small Cells
8.5.2 Other Work Relevant to 5G
8.6 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance)
8.6.1 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing for 5G
8.7 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
8.7.1 ISGs (Industry Specification Groups) for 5G Enabling Technologies
8.7.1.1 mWT ISG (Millimeter Wave Transmission ISG)
8.7.1.2 ISG NFV (ISG for Network Functions Virtualization)
8.7.1.3 OSG OSM (Open Source Group for Open Source MANO)
8.7.1.4 ISG MEC (ISG for Multi Access Edge Computing)
8.7.1.5 ISG NGP (ISG for Next Generation Protocols)
8.7.1.6 ISG MBC (ISG for Mobile/Broadcast Convergence)
8.7.2 Other Work
8.8 GSMA
8.8.1 5G Program & Spectrum Policy
8.9 GTI
8.9.1 5G Innovation Program
8.10 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
8.10.1 IEEE Future Directions 5G Initiative
8.10.2 Contribution to 5G Standards Development
8.11 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
8.11.1 Contribution to 5G NextGen Core Standards
8.11.1.1 5Gangip (5G Aspects of Next Generation Internet Protocols) Special Group
8.11.1.2 Proposed NMLRG (Network Machine Learning Research Group)
8.11.1.3 Internet-Draft on Network Slicing
8.11.1.4 Other Work Relevant to 5G
8.12 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
8.12.1 IMT-2020 Family of Standards
8.12.2 WP 5D (Working Party 5D)
8.12.3 FG IMT-2020 (Focus Group on IMT-2020)
8.12.4 Spectrum Allocation
8.13 NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance
8.13.1 5G Work Program
8.13.1.1 Ecosystem Building & Interaction
8.13.1.2 Guidance to SDOs & the Wider Industry
8.13.1.3 Evaluation of Test & PoC Results
8.13.2 New Work-Items
8.13.2.1 5G Trial & Testing Initiative
8.13.2.2 End-to-End Architecture
8.13.2.3 Vehicle-to-X
8.14 OCP (Open Compute Project) Foundation
8.14.1 Telco Project
8.15 ONF (Open Networking Foundation) & ON.Lab (Open Networking Lab)
8.15.1 CORD (Central Office Re-Architected as a Datacenter)
8.15.2 M-CORD (M-Central Office Re-Architected as a Datacenter)
8.16 SIMalliance
8.16.1 5GWG (5G Working Group): Recommendations for 5G Security
8.17 Small Cell Forum
8.17.1 Mapping 5G Requirements for Small Cells
8.18 TIP (Telecom Infra Project)
8.18.1 OpenCellular Access Platform
8.18.2 Open Optical Packet Transport
8.18.3 Mobile Core Simplification
8.19 TM Forum
8.19.1 5G Working Group
8.20 Wi-Fi Alliance
8.20.1 Positioning WiGig as a 5G Technology
8.20.2 Other Work Relevant to 5G
8.21 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance)
8.21.1 Advocacy Efforts for 5G Convergence with Wi-Fi
8.22 WinnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum)
8.22.1 Spectrum Sharing Specifications for LTE & 5G Networks
8.23 WWRF (World Wireless Research Forum)
8.23.1 New WGs (Working Groups) for 5G
8.23.1.1 WG High Frequency Technologies
8.23.1.2 WG 5G e/m-Health and Wearables
8.23.1.3 WG The Connected Car
8.23.1.4 WG End-to-End Network Slicing
8.24 xRAN Consortium
8.24.1 Standardization for Software-Based RAN
8.25 Other Collaborative & Standardization Organizations
8.26 European Initiatives
8.26.1 5G PPP (5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership)
8.26.1.1 5G IA (5G Infrastructure Association)
8.26.1.2 Key Working Groups
8.26.1.3 Major Research Projects
8.26.2 European Commission's 5G Roadmap
8.26.2.1 Phase 1: The Future of 5G Network Architecture
8.26.2.2 Phase 2: Demonstrations & Experiments
8.26.2.3 Phase 3: Integration of End-to-End 5G experimental network infrastructure
8.26.3 5G Manifesto
8.26.4 5G Action Plan
8.27 National Initiatives
8.27.1 United States
8.27.1.1 NSF (National Science Foundation)
8.27.1.2 NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
8.27.1.3 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)
8.27.1.4 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
8.27.2 South Korea
8.27.2.1 5G Forum
8.27.2.2 ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research)
8.27.2.3 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association of Korea)
8.27.3 Japan
8.27.3.1 ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses)
8.27.3.2 TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)
8.27.3.3 5GMF (Fifth Generation Mobile Communications Promotion Forum)
8.27.4 China
8.27.4.1 IMT-2020 5G Promotion Group
8.27.4.2 CCSA (China Communications Standards Association)
8.27.4.3 863 Research Program
8.27.4.4 FuTURE Mobile Communication Forum
8.27.5 Taiwan
8.27.5.1 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute)
8.27.5.2 TAICS (Taiwan Association of Information and Communication Standards)
8.27.6 Turkey
8.27.6.1 ICTA (Information and Communication Technologies Authority)
8.27.6.2 5GTR (Turkish 5G Forum)
8.27.7 Malaysia
8.27.7.1 MTSFB (Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd)
8.27.7.2 Malaysia 5G Committee
8.27.8 Indonesia
8.27.8.1 i5GF (Indonesia 5G Forum)
8.27.9 India
8.27.9.1 TSDSI (Telecommunications Standards Development Society India)
8.27.9.2 GISFI (Global ICT Standardization Forum for India)
8.27.10 Russia
8.27.10.1 5GRUS
8.28 Mobile Operator Led Initiatives & Innovation Labs
8.28.1 Pre-Standards Deployment Initiatives
8.28.1.1 5G TSA (5G Open Trial Specification Alliance)
8.28.1.2 5GTF (5G Technical Forum), Verizon Communications
8.28.1.3 5G-SIG (Special Interest Group), KT Corporation
8.28.1.4 5G-DF (5G Development Forum), KT Corporation
8.28.2 Innovation Labs
8.28.2.1 5G Innovation Center, China Mobile
8.28.2.2 5G:Haus, DT (Deutsche Telekom)
8.28.2.3 5TONIC, Telefónica
8.28.2.4 Others
8.29 Academic & Research Institute Initiatives
8.29.1 5G Lab Germany at TU Dresden
8.29.2 5G Playground, Fraunhofer FOKUS
8.29.3 5GIC (5G Innovation Center, University of Surrey)
8.29.4 5GTNF (5G Test Network Finland), University of Oulu
8.29.5 Hiroshima University
8.29.6 NYU WIRELESS (New York University)
8.29.7 OSA (OpenAirInterface Software Alliance), EURECOM
8.29.8 Tokyo Institute of Technology
8.29.9 UC Berkeley (University of California, Berkeley)
8.29.10 USC (University of Southern California) Viterbi School of Engineering
8.29.11 UT Austin (University of Texas at Austin)
8.29.12 WINLAB (Wireless Information Network Laboratory), Rutgers University
9 Chapter 9: Vendor Demonstrations, Commitments & Strategies
9.1 Argela
9.1.1 5G Strategy
9.1.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.2 Cisco Systems
9.2.1 5G Strategy
9.2.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.3 Cohere Technologies
9.3.1 5G Strategy
9.3.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.4 Ericsson
9.4.1 5G Strategy
9.4.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.5 Fujitsu
9.5.1 5G Strategy
9.5.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.6 Google
9.6.1 5G Strategy
9.6.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.7 Huawei
9.7.1 5G Strategy
9.7.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.8 Intel Corporation
9.8.1 5G Strategy
9.8.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.9 InterDigital
9.9.1 5G Strategy
9.9.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.10 Juniper Networks
9.10.1 5G Strategy
9.10.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.11 Keysight Technologies
9.11.1 5G Strategy
9.11.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.12 Kumu Networks
9.12.1 5G Strategy
9.12.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.13 LG Electronics
9.13.1 5G Strategy
9.13.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.14 Mitsubishi Electric
9.14.1 5G Strategy
9.14.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.15 NEC Corporation
9.15.1 5G Strategy
9.15.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.16 NI (National Instruments)
9.16.1 5G Strategy
9.16.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.17 Nokia Networks
9.17.1 5G Strategy
9.17.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.18 Panasonic Corporation
9.18.1 5G Strategy
9.18.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.19 Qorvo
9.19.1 5G Strategy
9.19.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.20 Qualcomm
9.20.1 5G Strategy
9.20.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.21 Rohde & Schwarz
9.21.1 5G Strategy
9.21.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.22 Samsung Electronics
9.22.1 5G Strategy
9.22.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.23 SiBEAM
9.23.1 5G Strategy
9.23.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
9.24 ZTE
9.24.1 5G Strategy
9.24.2 Demonstrations & Trial Commitments
Table of Contents
1 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Executive Summary
1.2 Topics Covered
1.3 Forecast Segmentation
1.4 Key Questions Answered
1.5 Key Findings
1.6 Methodology
1.7 Target Audience
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned
2 Chapter 2: An Overview of ProSe
2.1 What is D2D (Device-to-Device) Technology?
2.2 ProSe (Proximity Services) for 3GPP Networks
2.3 ProSe Service Classification
2.3.1 ProSe Discovery
2.3.2 ProSe Direct Communication
2.4 ProSe Coverage Scenarios
2.4.1 In-Coverage
2.4.2 Partial Coverage
2.4.3 Out-of-Coverage
2.5 ProSe Modes of Direct Communication
2.5.1 Unicast
2.5.2 One-to-Many: Group Communication
2.5.3 One-to-All: Broadcast Communication
2.6 ProSe Modes of Discovery
2.6.1 Restricted Discovery
2.6.2 Open Discovery
2.7 Competing Technologies
2.7.1 P25, TETRA & Conventional LMR Systems
2.7.2 Wi-Fi
2.7.2.1 Wi-Fi Direct
2.7.2.2 Wi-Fi Aware/NAN (Neighbor Awareness Networking)
2.7.2.3 Ad-Hoc Mode D2D Connectivity & TDLS (Tunneled Direct Link Setup)
2.7.2.4 WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments): IEEE 802.11p
2.7.3 Bluetooth
2.7.3.1 Classic Bluetooth
2.7.3.2 Bluetooth High Speed
2.7.3.3 BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)
2.7.3.4 Bluetooth 5 Enhancements
2.7.4 Apple's iBeacon
2.7.5 ZigBee
2.7.6 GPS
2.7.7 Others
2.8 Market Growth Drivers
2.8.1 Adoption of LTE for Public Safety & Critical Communications
2.8.2 Extending Wide Area Connectivity to IoT Devices & Accessories
2.8.3 Better Scalability & Coverage Range Than Competing Technologies
2.8.4 New Revenue Streams & ARPU Growth for Mobile Operators
2.8.5 Enhanced Manageability, Privacy & Security
2.8.6 Alleviating Network Congestion & Improving Spectrum Utilization
2.9 Market Barriers
2.9.1 Potential Interference
2.9.2 Achieving UE Battery Efficiency
2.9.3 Impact on Network Resources
2.9.4 Dependency on New Chipsets & Devices
2.9.5 Interoperability & Other Technical Challenges
3 Chapter 3: ProSe Technology & Standardization
3.1 Sidelink Air Interface
3.1.1 Use of Uplink Resources
3.1.2 Transmission Scheme
3.1.3 Frequency Bands & Channel Bandwidths
3.1.4 New Physical, Transport & Logical Channels
3.1.4.1 Physical Channels
3.1.4.2 Transport Channels
3.1.4.3 Logical Channels
3.1.5 Synchronization Signals
3.1.6 Alternative Wi-Fi Direct Communication Path
3.2 Key Operational Capabilities of ProSe
3.2.1 Service Authorization & Provisioning
3.2.2 ProSe Discovery
3.2.2.1 Direct Discovery
3.2.2.2 Specific Direct Discovery Features for Public Safety
3.2.2.3 EPC-Level Discovery
3.2.2.4 EPC Support for Wi-Fi Direct Communication
3.2.3 ProSe Direct Communication
3.2.3.1 One-to-One Direct Communication
3.2.3.2 One-to-Many Direct Communication
3.2.4 UE-to-Network Relay
3.3 ProSe Reference Architecture, Key Functional Elements & Interfaces
3.3.1 ProSe-Enabled Devices & Applications
3.3.2 ProSe AS (Application Server)
3.3.3 ProSe Function
3.3.3.1 DPF (Direct Provisioning Function)
3.3.3.2 Direct Discovery Name Management Function
3.3.3.3 EPC-Level Discovery ProSe Function
3.3.4 ProSe Proxy
3.3.5 ProSe Key Management Function
3.3.6 MME (Mobility Management Entity)
3.3.7 P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway)
3.3.8 S-GW (Serving Gateway)
3.3.9 HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
3.3.10 SLP (Secure User Plane Location Platform)
3.3.11 S-GW (Serving Gateway)
3.3.12 Interfaces
3.3.12.1 PC1
3.3.12.2 PC2
3.3.12.3 PC3
3.3.12.4 PC4a
3.3.12.5 PC4b
3.3.12.6 PC5 (Sidelink)
3.3.12.7 PC6
3.3.12.8 PC7
3.3.12.9 PC8
3.3.12.10 S6a
3.3.12.11 S1-MME
3.4 3GPP Standardization for ProSe
3.4.1 Release 12
3.4.2 Release 13
3.4.3 Release 14 & Beyond
4 Chapter 4: ProSe Applications, Business Models & Case Studies
4.1 Key Applications of ProSe
4.1.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
4.1.1.1 Direct Communication for Coverage Extension
4.1.1.2 Direct Communication within Network Coverage
4.1.1.3 Infrastructure Failure & Emergency Situations
4.1.1.4 Additional Capacity for Incident Response & Special Events
4.1.1.5 Discovery Services for Disaster Relief
4.1.2 Commercial Applications
4.1.2.1 Proximity Advertising
4.1.2.2 Localized Social Networking
4.1.2.3 Online & Real-World Gaming
4.1.2.4 Enabling the Sharing Economy
4.1.2.5 Mobile Relaying & Network Sharing
4.1.2.6 Wide Area Connectivity for the IoT & Wearables
4.1.2.7 Local Data Transfer
4.1.2.8 Other Applications
4.1.3 Cellular V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) Connectivity
4.2 Business Models: How Can Mobile Operators Monetize ProSe?
4.2.1 B2C: Premium Charge for ProSe Capabilities
4.2.2 B2B: D2D Services for Public Safety Agencies & Other Enterprises
4.2.3 B2B2C: Stacking Consumer Applications over ProSe
4.3 Case Studies of Pre-Commercial Engagements
4.3.1 Qualcomm: Accelerating Ecosystem Development with LTE Direct
4.3.2 DT (Deutsche Telekom): First Pre-Commercial Mobile Operator Trial for ProSe
4.3.3 KT Corporation: Emergency Services, Social Networking & Personalized Advertising with ProSe
4.3.4 TCL Communication: ProSe-Enabled Device Prototype Demonstration
4.3.5 NTT DoCoMo: Empowering the Sharing Economy with ProSe
4.3.6 M87: Expanding the Reach of Mobile Networks with ProSe
4.3.7 Compass.To: Successfully Conducting the First ProSe Trial in China
4.3.8 Others
5 Chapter 5: ProSe Industry Roadmap & Value Chain
5.1 Industry Roadmap
5.1.1 2017 – 2020: Initial Adoption Driven by Public Safety LTE Networks
5.1.2 2020 – 2025: Growing Focus on Consumer Applications
5.1.3 2025 – 2030: Targeting Cellular V2X Connectivity
5.2 Value Chain
5.2.1 Chipset Suppliers
5.2.2 ProSe-Enabled Device OEMs
5.2.3 ProSe Infrastructure Vendors
5.2.4 Mobile Operators
5.2.5 Public Safety & Critical Communications Agencies
5.2.6 Commercial Enterprises
5.2.7 App Developers & Content Providers
5.2.8 Consumers
5.2.9 Test, Measurement & Performance Specialists
6 Chapter 6: Market Analysis & Forecasts
6.1 Global Outlook on ProSe-Enabled Devices
6.2 Submarket Segmentation
6.2.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.2.2 Commercial Sector
6.3 Form Factor Segmentation
6.3.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.3.1.1 Smartphones
6.3.1.2 Vehicle Mount Devices
6.3.1.3 Other Devices
6.3.2 Commercial Sector
6.3.2.1 Smartphones
6.3.2.2 Tablets
6.3.2.3 Wearables
6.3.2.4 V2X Devices
6.3.2.5 Other Devices
6.4 Regional Segmentation
6.4.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.4.2 Commercial Sector
6.5 Asia Pacific
6.5.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.5.2 Commercial Sector
6.6 Eastern Europe
6.6.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.6.2 Commercial Sector
6.7 Latin & Central America
6.7.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.7.2 Commercial Sector
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.8.2 Commercial Sector
6.9 North America
6.9.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.9.2 Commercial Sector
6.10 Western Europe
6.10.1 Public Safety & Critical Communications
6.10.2 Commercial Sector
7 Chapter 7: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations
7.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow?
7.2 Public Safety LTE Engagements to Trigger Initial Investments
7.3 Synergies with IOPS (Isolated E-UTRAN Operation)
7.4 Interim Solutions to Fulfill Public Safety ProSe Requirements
7.5 How Big is the ProSe Service Revenue Opportunity for Mobile Operators?
7.6 Enhancements to Support IoT & Wearables
7.7 Consolidation in the Chipset Ecosystem: Implications for ProSe
7.8 Potential Impact on the V2X Sector
7.9 Strategic Recommendations
7.9.1 Recommendations for Chipset, Device & Infrastructure Suppliers
7.9.2 Recommendations for Mobile Operators
7.9.3 Recommendations for Public Safety & Critical Communications Agencies
List of Figures
Figure 1: Example Application Scenarios for D2D Technology
Figure 2: Sidelink Air Interface for ProSe
Figure 3: Use Cases & Service Scenarios for ProSe
Figure 4: Key Differences Between LTE Uplink and Sidelink
Figure 5: Operating Bands for ProSe
Figure 6: ProSe Direct Discovery Channel Bandwidth
Figure 7: ProSe Direct Communication Channel Bandwidth
Figure 8: Physical, Transport & Logical Channels for Sidelink
Figure 9: Architecture for ProSe UE-to-Network Relay Functionality
Figure 10: ProSe Reference Architecture
Figure 11: ProSe Industry Roadmap
Figure 12: ProSe Value Chain
Figure 13: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 14: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 15: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments by Submarket: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 16: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue by Submarket: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 17: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 18: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 19: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 20: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 21: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector, by Form Factor: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 22: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector, by Form Factor: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 23: Global ProSe-Enabled Smartphone Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 24: Global ProSe-Enabled Smartphone Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 25: Global ProSe-Enabled Vehicle Mount Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 26: Global ProSe-Enabled Vehicle Mount Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 27: Global ProSe-Enabled Other Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 28: Global ProSe-Enabled Other Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 29: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector, by Form Factor: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 30: Global ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector, by Form Factor: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 31: Global ProSe-Enabled Smartphone Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 32: Global ProSe-Enabled Smartphone Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 33: Global ProSe-Enabled Tablet Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 34: Global ProSe-Enabled Tablet Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 35: Global ProSe-Enabled Wearable Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 36: Global ProSe-Enabled Wearable Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 37: Global ProSe-Enabled V2X Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 38: Global ProSe-Enabled V2X Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 39: Global ProSe-Enabled Other Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 40: Global ProSe-Enabled Other Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 41: ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments by Region: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 42: ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue by Region: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 43: ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector, by Region: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 44: ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector, by Region: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 45: ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector, by Region: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 46: ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector, by Region: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 47: Asia Pacific ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 48: Asia Pacific ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 49: Asia Pacific ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 50: Asia Pacific ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 51: Asia Pacific ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 52: Asia Pacific ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 53: Eastern Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 54: Eastern Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 55: Eastern Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 56: Eastern Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 57: Eastern Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 58: Eastern Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 59: Latin & Central America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 60: Latin & Central America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 61: Latin & Central America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 62: Latin & Central America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 63: Latin & Central America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 64: Latin & Central America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 65: Middle East & Africa ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 66: Middle East & Africa ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 67: Middle East & Africa ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 68: Middle East & Africa ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 69: Middle East & Africa ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 70: Middle East & Africa ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 71: North America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 72: North America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 73: North America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 74: North America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 75: North America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 76: North America ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 77: Western Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 78: Western Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 79: Western Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)
Figure 80: Western Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety & Critical Communications Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Million)
Figure 81: Western Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipments in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 82: Western Europe ProSe-Enabled Device Shipment Revenue in the Commercial Sector: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
Figure 83: Global Installed Base of ProSe-Enabled Devices by Submarket: 2018 – 2030 (Millions of Units)
Figure 84: Global ProSe Based Mobile Operator Service Revenue by Application: 2018 – 2030 ($ Billion)
